By Arnold Friedmann
As the character of the sphere of environment-behavior relatives is interdis ciplinary, the collaboration of 3 people of numerous specialist backgrounds in scripting this ebook is consequently now not incredible. This col laboration all started in 1972 with the supplying of a graduate seminar "Envi ronment, habit, and layout review" on the collage of Massa chusetts. numerous learn tasks facing layout review that have been performed on the college also are incorporated as case reports during this publication (Chapter III): the ELEMR examine and the customer middle research. of the authors have labored as a part of the educational group within the seminar, and all the authors have participated in various levels within the ELEMR venture. The authors' backgrounds in layout, psychology, and panorama structure recommend, by way of instance, that pros with various backgrounds yet a standard curiosity in environment-behavior difficulties can certainly discover ways to speak and to collaborate. because layout evaluate is a brand new box and extremely little particular litera ture at the topic exists so far, we are hoping this e-book fills a present need.
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After the focal problem and the larger system have been defined, some of the most important research questions remain: What sampling procedures should be used? What time frame is appropriate for the evaluation? Which information-gathering techniques (such as direct observation, questionnaire, interview) should be used? At this point it is useful to briefly consider the overall purposes of research methods and to see how these purposes relate to the structure-process approach. It is almost a truism to say that the purpose of research methods is APPROACH TO ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN 25 FIGURE 4.
The state of the art in the field of interior design evaluati<;>n is somewhat limited. It is safe, however, to predict that the next few years will see a tremendous increase of meaningful evaluation studies of all kinds of interior spaces. , in relation to their influence on behavior. The studies included in this chapter consist of a college dormitory, offices in a business firm, offices in a hospital, a new Fine Arts Center, and several New York City subway stations. Perhaps the latter is not an interior space in the conventional sense of the word, but it certainly is a totally manmade environment affecting thousands of people each day.
Offices are planned around the organizational processes within the business, and people who work together are physically grouped together. Fixed partitions, cubicles, and rows of desks are eliminated in favor of one large open space reflecting the patterns of the work groups. Spaces are broken up with screens and plants, and one of the key concepts of the system is the fact that all staff members participate in the open plan, not just clerical workers and a few supervisors. The psychological need for privacy is accomplished with dividers and placement of furniture.