By Hartmut Scharfe
A entire survey of all features of schooling in India, either within the oral and written traditions. Chronologically it covers every thing from the Vedic interval as much as the Hindu kingdoms prior to the institution of Muslim rule. If proper, the reader will usually locate sidesteps to trendy continuities. The function of the oral culture and the suggestions of memorization are mentioned, in addition to schooling in small deepest tutorials and the improvement of enormous monasteries and temple colleges coming near near collage personality. specialist education, the function of the instructor and of overseas languages are handled, and the influence of the bizarre good points of Indian schooling on Indian society.
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Sample text
278 have raised the question how the Magadha empire before the Mauryas could have been administered without a script or at least a notation system (as under the Incas in ancient Peru). I recall, on the other hand, my first visit to the library of the University of Kerala in Trivandrum in 1960 when I asked to look up the catalogue to locate a certain text and was referred instead to an 80 year old librarian who knew where each book was kept. 101 ChU VII 13,1 demands: "respect memory" (smaram upassva), though hope (asa) and the vital breath (prdna) are rated still higher in the following paragraphs.
All sciences are rooted in the Veda and its ancillaries according to Vakyapadlya 110, with the Veda both the source and the instructor. 29 The original perfect revelation of a science or an art is in most cases assumed to have been lost, but there are frequent successive "abridgements," that are supposed to make the revelation more accessible to mortal men. e. abridgement, elaboration, abridgement with elaboration, translation. There are thus no new discoveries, only perhaps new divine releases of the "perfect knowledge" which always already existed.
Much of their success was due to indices matched with printed editions and their ability to use other modern scholars' printed studies. ' Cf. 43-45. 61 nasty acaurah kavi-jano. 222. Ong, Orality, p. 131. 46. ) is reported from the late twelfth century. After the Jaina monk Hemachandra had completed the grammar his king had commissioned, King Jayasimha hired three hundred copyists who were ordered to produce copies of the work for three years. These copies the king then sent to leaders of all sects in India and to rulers in India and abroad: Georg Biihler, fiber das Leben des Jaina Monches Hemacandra (Wien 1889; DA WW37), pp.