By D. Gene Daniel
ASTM C ninety four covers the complicated topic of ready-mixed concrete. This guide, co-published by way of ASTM foreign and the nationwide Ready-Mixed Concrete organization, offers a whole and distinctive rationalization of C 94's makes use of and purposes. It cuts during the wide language of the normal by utilizing uncomplicated reasons and examples. Twenty entire chapters plus an summary hide: • history of ASTM C 94/C 94M • Scope • Referenced records • foundation of buy • Ordering details • fabrics • Tolerances in droop • Air-Entrained Concrete • Measuring fabrics • Batching Plant • Mixers and Agitators • blending and supply • makes use of of Nonagitating gear • Batch price tag info • Plant Inspection • Practices, try out equipment, and Reporting • Sampling and checking out clean Concrete • Failure to fulfill energy necessities • keyword phrases • Annex of crucial details
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Extra resources for User's Guide to ASTM Specification C94 on Ready-Mixed Concrete (ASTM Manual) (Astm Manual Series, Mnl 49)
Example text
Research indicates the addition of GGBF slag to cement will probably increase drying shrinkage of the mortar. The shrinkage increase at 50 % GGBF slag replacement for portland cement ranged from 125 % to near 150 % in one test series [30]. There are several very positive effects of combining GGBF slag with portland cement. Workability is improved, partially because the slag particles do not react with mixing water initially as much as portland cement. Also, when substituting GGBF slag for portland cement on a pound per pound basis, there is a greater paste volume due to the lower particle density (specific gravity) of the slag.
It is essential that control be exercised over the quality of the aggregate, both fine and coarse. There are numerous quality tests with minimum requirements in each specification. ASTM C 33 addresses fine aggregate properties of grading, organic impurities, soundness testing, and deleterious substances. ASTM C 33 provides the option of additional requirements in its Section 4 on ordering and specifying information. The specifier is afforded the opportunity to 24 USER'S GUIDE TO A S T M SPECIFICATION C 94 ON READY-MIXED CONCRETE invoke a restriction on reactivity (alkali-aggregate reaction).
The lower GGBF slag content of the Type I (SM) reduces s o m e of the m a j o r attributes of the Type IS. These include greatly r e d u c e d impermeability, resistance to sulfate attack, a n d resistance to alkali-silica r e a c t i o n o r a l k a l i - c a r b o n a t e reaction. Note the difference in the designations: S for slag a n d SM for slagmodified. 9 Type S--Slag cement c o n t a i n s not less t h a n 70 % G G B F slag plus a p o r t l a n d c e m e n t o r h y d r a t e d l i m e or both.