By Sanjaya Maniktala
Strength offer layout is all approximately aspect. And a wide a part of that aspect lies within the sensible area, mostly end result of the usually small variety of microseconds of switching sessions concerned, and the even smaller tens of nanoseconds of change transition occasions --- these types of, in impression accentuating a variety of "second-order" results, that at last turn out taking part in best havoc with "normal" expectancies of the way the circuit should still behave. So now not unsurprisingly, even after studying a number of books, so much readers nonetheless locate themselves no towards the final word objective of designing a precise energy offer. eventually, all engineers begin figuring out the challenging proven fact that designing a switching strength provide is not the trivial job it as soon as looked to be. yet even after years of effectively learning the underlying idea, the final word objective of constructing a cheap, trustworthy and commercially practicable energy offer should still stay a far off dream, due to the fact that good fortune finally hinges on adventure. that's, actually, what essentially differentiates a senior and professional strength offer engineer from the others --- the facility to navigate and surmount a veritable minefield of difficult concerns which could in simple terms be discovered the not easy means, by way of real hands-on adventure at the activity. This ebook provides useful wisdom the writer got really painfully, whereas operating "in the trenches" for a number of years in significant engineering businesses scattered throughout numerous continents. this can be meant to be the legendary senior engineer's "bag of tricks," eventually made to be had within the type of an easy-to-read publication in your shelf. This publication will make lifestyles for the formidable energy provide engineer a lot less complicated --- in addition to decreasing considerably, the rigorous requirement of getting to be a senior engineer's protégé for years on finish, simply to achieve a small degree of genuine good fortune during this box. * a realistic presentation that solutions the real query: why is my switching converter behaving so in a different way than what i used to be looking ahead to at the foundation of my paper layout? and the way do I bridge that vast hole? * For the 1st time, a scientific and thorough dialogue of troubleshooting switching energy offers. * insurance of AC/DC and DC/DC energy offers. * Bench review of semiconductor ICs utilized in energy conversion --- describing common and weird ideas mastered via the writer, whereas checking out comparable chips at nationwide Semiconductor. * special insurance of significant themes that have not been coated through to be had assets --- grounding structures, the subtleties of part datasheets, and utilizing tools and probes successfully. * Systematic research (type of failure mechanism, topology, etc.) and strategies for five years of mentioned strength offer concerns on a famous, public internet discussion board. This technique will make sure that engineers won't repeat a similar errors. * a special, readable kind: own and direct; no mystification--- simply the obvious fact, simply and logically defined, with lots of photos, graphs and plots.
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Extra info for Troubleshooting Switching Power Converters: A Hands-on Guide
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This opto failure incident actually really happened to us while seeking UL approvals several years ago. We learned that the cheapest way to divert the current away from the IC (and also prevent plenty of rework to get the power supply to work again) is that small 18V grayed-out zener in the Gate of the Fet in Figure 1-7. The zener fails shorted when the switch fails, and stays that way until the fuse blows and the inductor energy is spent. That way the safety barrier (the opto in this case) is not breached during UL testing.
This is certainly not the message we should be promoting and is definitely not the way we should be using our highly skilled technicians. Not only is it counterproductive to our staff, but to our operations and the resulting bottom-line as well. b) Disconnected Problem Solving Techniques Due to a lack of understanding in the use of analytical skills, most people resort to disconnected problem solving techniques to analyze their problems in lieu of a structured logical approach. This stems from the fact that we do not give analysts the tools necessary to do their jobs.
We also connect DMMs directly across the input and output terminals of the converter board to measure input and output voltages. In high-power applications, the internal impedance of a DMM measuring the input current may itself create problems, because its impedance may not be low enough. The contact resistance of the banana plugs leading to it could also be part of the problem. These factors may cause unintended wobble in the supply voltage at the input of the converter/control IC (this can be confirmed by a scope, if we take before and after pictures).