By W. J. R. H. Pooler
The ebook defines the devices of electric amounts from first rules. tools are tested for calculating voltage, present, strength, impedances and magnetic forces in dc and ac circuits and in machines and different electric plant. The vector illustration of ac amounts is defined. normal preparations of electric energy networks are defined. tools for calculating fault currents and for the automated isolation of defective gear are defined.
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Example text
For the same I2R heat loss, the higher voltage machine has half the current. Therefore the higher voltage machine is rated for twice the voltage and half the current. Thus both machines are the same kVA rating. Thus the kVA or MVA rating is a guide to the physical size of the machine and does not depend on the actual voltage or current rating. For a three phase machine kVA = ¥3 x (rated kV) x (rated amps) Rated power in kW = (rated kVA) x (Cos ij) where Cos ij is the design power factor Harmonics Power from an AC generators often contains harmonics, eg due to fluctuations caused by the slots in the generator rotor and stator.
Any harmonics are usually odd harmonics since a wave that is symmetrical about ʌ/2 can contain odd harmonics but not even harmonics. The third harmonic is in phase in all three phases thus third harmonic returns through the neutral do not cancel, they add together. Problems in a neutral are often due to third harmonics. If however a supply containing the third harmonic is connected to the delta winding of a transformer, the third harmonic voltages are in phase at each end of each delta winding.
360° thinking . ca/careers © Deloitte & Touche LLP and affiliated entities. ca/careers © Deloitte & Touche LLP and affiliated entities. ca/careers © Deloitte & Touche LLP and affiliated entities. © Deloitte & Touche LLP and affiliated entities. D AC Circuits Electrical Power AC Circuits Series and Parallel Circuits Resistance, Inductance and Capacitance in series Let a circuit consist of a Resistor, Inductor and a Capacitor is series all carrying an AC current I VR is in phase with I, VC lags I by 900 and VL leads I by 900 VR = IR and VL = j IXL and VC = – j IXC where XL and XC are the reactances of L and C These voltages can be represented by vectors on the same diagram as I It can be seen from the vector diag that V2 = VR2 + (VC – VL)2 And the current leads the voltage by arc tan [(VC – VL)/ VR] = arc tan [(XC – XL)/R] Where a circuit contains reactance and resistance, the combination is called impedance.