By Hunwick
The critical textual content translated during this quantity is the "Ta'rikh Al'sudan" of the seventeenth century Timbuktu student 'Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di. Thirty chapters are incorporated, facing the background of Timbuktu and Jenne, their students and the political background of the Songhay empire from the reign of Sunni 'Ali (1464-1492) via Moroccan conquest of Songhay in 1591 and all the way down to the yr 1613 whilst the Pashalik of Timbuktu grew to become an self sufficient ruling establishment within the center Niger sector. The 12 months 1613 additionally marked the potent finish of Songhay resistance. the opposite modern files integrated are a brand new English translation of Leo Africanus's description of West Africa, a few letters with regards to Sa-dian international relations and conquests within the Sahara and Sahel, al-Ifrani's account of Sa-dian conquest of Songhay, and an account of this excursion by way of an nameless Spaniard.
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Additional info for Timbuktu and the Songhay Empire: Al-Sa'Di's Ta'Rikh Al-Sudan Down to 1613 and Other Contemporary Documents
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71 See Hunwick (1992). M. Kaberry (eds), West African Kingdoms in the Nineteenth Century, Oxford: Oxford University Press for the International African Institute, 1967, 179-205; Ivor Wilks, Nehemiah Levtzion & Bruce Haight, Chronicles from Gonja: a Tradition of West African Muslim Historiography, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986. xlvi TRANSLATOR'S INTRODUCTION one among them. To secure the succession, it was necessary to be close to Gao at the crucial moment to forestall the challenge of rivals.
E. 32 The Sorko were not the only group that had open-ended obligations towards the rulers. Although we should be cautious about accepting the full list of servile peoples ('groups in thrall to the ruler, not free persons enslaved7-qabii3il ariqqii" lahu lii ahriir usturiqqii) listed in (pseudo-) TF,33-one group, the Arbi mentioned above, is mentioned in what is evidently part of the original text of TF. Both they and the Sorko may have been those referred to as 'slaves of the ruling institution', or "abid al-salfana, in the phraseology of al30 See Hunwick (1968 & 1996b).
63 He performed the pilgrimage to Mecca in 1497-8, and returned with the authority of the 'Abbasid caliph of Cairo to rule in his name; see Hunwick (1966a, 1990). On the attitude of the Timbuktu 'ulamd" to the legitimacy of Askiya al-hiijj Muhammad, and to his successors, see Hunwick (1995b), 299-303. SONGHAY: AN INTERPRETIVE ESSAY xli Bendugu in the south-west, and Baghana between the Inland Delta and Futa Kingui were made tributary, and more ephemeral expeditions were launched against Galam in the upper Senegal valley and central Mali.