The United Nations and Decolonization: The Role of Afro — by Y. El-Ayouty

By Y. El-Ayouty

When the United international locations' constitution was once signed in San Francisco in 1945, the variety of African member states of the company used to be simply four. by means of the tip of 1960 it had risen to 22. this present day it really is forty-one. How has this occur? the answer's given during this precious e-book through Dr. Yassin EI-Ayouty. The handful of Asian and African nations who had the privilege of starting place club made it their company to work out to it that their brethren who have been nonetheless less than the colonial yoke attained their freedom and independence once attainable and, in the intervening time, that they have been taken care of with decency and equity through their colonial masters. It used to be a tricky task. The fight used to be lengthy, requiring loads of persistence and patience. It used to be now and then fierce, requiring a lot dogged answer. It also referred to as for the deployment of highbrow agility ofthe optimum order. thankfully these kind of characteristics have been on hand within the rep­ resentatives of Asia and Africa who led the good fight. those dis­ tinguished delegates additionally confirmed an excellent measure of cohesion which has, fortunately, develop into an Afro-Asian culture on the United countries. The conflict begun even sooner than the business enterprise had itself turn into a truth. it will were a more challenging fight, had there been no provision within the constitution in any respect in admire of colonies, by way of no matter what identify called.

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Once the colonial question was made a question of war and peace, it became of direct and immediate concern to the United N ations. Its internationalization became more secure than ever, the provision of Article 2 (7) notwithstanding. S. policy decisions well before the Moscow Conference. S. Secretary of State, Cordell Hull, and by President Roosevelt, a group of State Department officials drew up a "Draft Declaration by the United Nations on National Independence" dated 9 March 1943. "35 The preamble to this Draft Declaration made the Atlantic Charter universally applicable since it stated that the opportunity to achieve independence for those peoples who aspire to independence shall be preserved, respected and made more effective.

16. 2 (May, 1950), p. 201. EFFECTS OF WORLD WAR II 9 up by Abdel-Rahman Azzam, the first Secretary-General of the League of Arab States who stated to the Turkish press in Ankara on 17 June 195 1 : The First and main cause of the whole trouble can be summed up in one word imperialism ... Wars had become universal as a result of this imperialism and its propagation in the world. 20 The pressures for decolonization were equally strong from within the metropolitan Powers themselves. Articulate opponents of colonialism have always raised their voices in all the Western countries concerned, and their criticisms of the colonial system became louder as a result of the two World Wars.

1 4 Such important economic factors outweighed other considerations relating to the colonial issue, such as those of prestige and idealism. Even the factor of strategy became less important as modern technology evolved a system of long-range weaponry, both atomic and conventional, that caused the European strategists to revise their thinking. 1 5 Thus the elimination of the economic motive caused an over-all orientation in the metropolitan outlook with regard to the colonial problem. Of course this change in outlook did not affect all the colonial Powers in the same degree, a factor which resulted in Western disunity at the United Nations when Chapter XI of the Charter was being broadly interpreted by the African, Asian, Latin American and Soviet blocs.

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