By Philip Cassell (eds.)
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Extra info for The Giddens Reader
Sample text
33. 12. 37. 13. Giddens, 'Action, Structure, Power'. 14. 50. 15. The embarrassing silences that can arise in conversations are evidence that participants in interaction cannot take a passive approach to the passage of time. The conversation doesn't go on by itself: if silence provokes anxiety, participants must work to fill the time that elapses during their encounter. 16. Such struggles often result in compromises where an amount of 'territory' is virtually ceded by the competing parties. Giddens mentions the case of 'no-go' areas in large cities.
In his critical dismemberment of political economy Marx identified the sources of surplus value, and was able to make a far-reaching contrast between the exploitation of labour-power in capitalism and the exploitation of labour in prior types of society. ) But the exploitation of labour, analysed as surplus value, either in capitalism or in other types of society, however important it may be, cannot provide an exhaustive theory of exploitation in human society as a whole. In particular, it is inadequate as a basis for the critique of exploitation in socialist society, where surplus value supposedly disappears (although not surplus production).
Giddens repudiates these standpoints by taking up his own anti-evolutionist stance; he argues persuasively for a dialectic of the endogenous and the exogenous, and the essentially contingent nature of the modern world, two positions that will be outlined later in this Introduction (b) Discontinuism and a differentiated conception of modernity Extracts V (i) and V take up two central themes of Giddens' work that have already been alluded to. The first is Giddens' historical 24 Introduction 'discontinuism'.