Science, Religion and Communism in Cold War Europe by Paul Betts, Stephen A. Smith

By Paul Betts, Stephen A. Smith

Religion and technological know-how have been basic points of jap eu communist political tradition from the very starting, and remained in uneasy rigidity around the zone over the a long time. whereas either themes have lengthy attracted loads of scholarly cognizance, they virtually constantly were studied discretely as separate tales. Religion, technological know-how and Communism in chilly conflict Europe is the 1st scholarly attempt to discover the fragile interface of faith, technological know-how and communism in chilly struggle Europe. It brings jointly a world crew of researchers who handle this courting from a few nationwide viewpoints and thematic views, starting from mysticism to social technological know-how, house exploration to the socialist lifecycle, and architectural background to popular culture.

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BJORK and practices. The default understanding of ‘societies’ as synonymous with ‘nations’ made the nation the governing point of reference in the vast majority of social-scientific studies, even if it was not the actual unit of analysis. A given village or a parish was understood, first and foremost, as a Polish village or Polish parish, an example that would provide insight into national-level phenomena. 19 He drew on statistics from ten parishes in ten different provinces and also included qualitative commentary by the local pastors on the religiosity of each community.

5 Edward Ciupak, a sociologist at the University of Warsaw, had published data suggesting that barely 20 % of Varsovian Catholics who were obliged to attend mass had actually done so on typical Sundays in 1962 and 1963. Scholars affiliated with the Catholic church took exception to this low figure. Writing in the Catholic weekly Znak—and emphasizing that the earlier findings had appeared in ‘an atheist journal’ (Argumenty)—Father Józef Majka of the Catholic University in Lublin argued that the survey cited by Ciupak had failed to take into account all of the capital’s churches and chapels.

They explored factors such as the loss by millions of women of husbands and potential spouses as a result of the war, low levels of education, isolation in the city, marginalization from the world of employment and—the stand-by since the 1920s—their ‘political backwardness’. In addition, a few cited the ‘heightened emotional perception’ of women compared with men and their ‘desire for beauty’. 61 Elsewhere in the Socialist bloc, official concern about the refractoriness of religious belief also led to the enlistment of the social sciences.

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