By Tor P. Scultz, Wolfgang G. Glasser, Wolfgang Glasser, Tor P. Schultz
content material: Lignin chemistry, expertise, and usage : a quick historical past / Joseph L. McCarthy and Aminul Islam --
the character of lignin : a unique view / okay. Forss and K-E. Fremer --
Monolignol compositional determinants in loblolly pine : fragrant amino acid metabolism and linked rate-limiting steps / Hendrik van Rensburg, Aldwin M. Anterola, Lanfang H. Levine, Laurence B. Davin, and Norman G. Lewis --
Genetic engineering of poplar lignins : impression of lignin alteration on kraft pulping performances / C. Lapierre, B. Pollet, M. Petit-Conil, G. Pilate, C. Leplé, W. Boerjan, and L. Jouanin --
Lignin-polysaccharide interactions in woody vegetation / Richard F. Helm --
Structural heterogeneity of hardwood lignin : features of end-wise lignin fraction / Keko Hori and Gyosuke Meshitsuka --
Molecular orbital calculations at the interplay of veratryl alcohol with the lignin peroxidase lively web site / Thomas Elder and David C. younger --
Lignin impression on angiosperm sapwood susceptibility to white-rot fungal colonization : a speculation / Tor P. Schultz and Darrel D. Nicholas --
type of lignin in keeping with chemical and molecular constitution / Wolfgang G. Glasser --
an summary of chemical degradation tools for making a choice on lignin condensed devices / Y.-Z. Lai, H. Xu, and R. Yang --
utilizing Raman spectroscopy to spot chromophores in lignin-lignocellulosics / U.P. Agarwal and R.H. Atalla --
restricting molecular weight of lignin from autocatalyzed organosolv pulping of hardwood / H.L. Hergert, G.C. Goyal, and J.H. Lora --
Structural research of dehydrogenation polymer (models of lignin) movies on the air-water interface via neutron reflectivity / B. Cathala, N. Puff, V. Aguié-Béghin, R. Douillard, and B. Monties --
Comparative research of the lignins of cork from Quercus suber L. and wooden from Eucalyptus globulus L. through dry hydrogen iodide cleavage / L.G. Akim, N. Cordeiro, C. Pascoal Neto, and A. Gandini --
advertisement use of lignin-based fabrics / J.D. Gargulak and S.E. Lebo --
Synthesis of ¹⁴C-labelled 1-ethenylbenzene utilizing Wittig response and synthesis of graft copolymer of lignin and ¹⁴C-labelled 1-ethenylbenzene / Meng-Jiu Chen and John J. Meister --
Blends of biodegradable thermoplastics with lignin esters / Indrajit Ghosh, Rajesh ok. Jain, and Wolfgang G. Glasser --
Thermoplastics with very excessive lignin contents / Yan Li and Simo Sarkanen --
Plasma amendment of lignin / G. Toriz, F. Denes, and R.A. younger --
Chemistry of pulping: lignin reactions / Josef S. Gratzl and Chen-Loung Chen --
The interaction among oxygen-derived radical species within the delignification in the course of oxygen and hydrogen peroxide bleaching / Josef Gierer --
A comparability of the structural adjustments happening in lignin in the course of Alcell and kraft pulping of hardwoods and softwoods / Ying Liu, Sandra Carriero, Kendall Pye, and Dimitris S. Argyropoulos --
A room-temperature [beta]-O-4 to [alpha]-O-4 rearrangement / D.L. Criss, T.H. Fisher, L.L. Ingram, Jr., D.J. Beard, and Tor P. Schultz --
Peracids in kraft pulp bleaching : earlier, current, and destiny / ok. Poppius-Levlin, A.-S. Jääskeläinen, A. Seisto, and A. Fuhrmann --
Chemical amendment of lignin-rich paper : light-induced alterations of softwood and hardwood chemithermomechanical pulps: the impact of irradiation resource / Magnus Paulsson and Arthur J. Ragauskas --
research of ortho- and para-quinone chromophores in alkaline extraction level residual lignins / Michael Zawadzki, Troy Runge, and Arthur J. Ragauskas --
Chemical features of lignins extracted from softwood TMP after O₃ and CIO₂ remedy / D.R. Robert, M. Szadeczki, and D. Lachenal.
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Additional resources for Lignin: Historical, Biological, and Materials Perspectives
Sample text
During World War Π, ethanol was in high demand leading to the construction of several plants to ferment SSL sugars to alcohol. This also provided a low sugar lignosulfonate product of higher quality. ) and several in Germany as described by Kilp (207). In Canada, plants were built at Thorold, Ontario and Gatineau, Quebec as described by Nord and Sankey in 1944 (178). ; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1999. ch001 24 cerevisiae (187). Developments during this time period were summarized in 1954 (245).
Crystalline monomelic lignin sulfonates obtained from spent sulfite liquor were first reported (361). In 1957, McCarthy and Felicetta (270) used incremental sulfite delignification to yield five lignin sulfonate samples of Mw values between 3400 and 30,000. These fractions were hydrolyzed to yield "omega" preparations of Mw range 1900 to 13,000 through what the authors felt was the cleavage of a-O-4 ether linkages. In 1962, Jensen, Fremer and Forss (306) delignified spruce wood with acidic Ca-bisulfite and fractionated the spent sulfite liquor using gelfiltration with Sephadex G-25 and G-75.
In 1974, Nimz and associates (401-404) made several significant contributions using C - N M R that provided strong evidence that lignin is a branch-chain high polymer consisting of coniferyl alcohol type monomers and very probably combined chemically with carbohydrates. ! ; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1999. ch001 At the University in Gôteborg, Adler and his coworkers made many important contributions to the lignin field. In 1955, Adler and Gierer (248) determined by acidic methanolysis that the number of benzyl hydroxyl and ether sites in M W L was approximately 42 per 100 C9 units.