By Stephen Eichhorn, J. W. S. Hearle, M Jaffe, T Kikutani
Edited through major professionals at the topic and with a crew of foreign authors, this authoritative assortment presents a finished evaluate of the constitution of an in depth diversity of fabric fibers. The e-book starts with an introductory set of chapters on fiber constitution and techniques to symbolize fibers. It then experiences the constitution of typical cellulosic and protein fibers, together with cotton, silk and wool. It additionally covers the constitution of synthetic polymer fibers, for instance polyester, polyamides, elastomeric fibers and high-modulus, high-tenacity polymer fibers. The ebook concludes with a dialogue of the constitution of numerous different fabric fibers reminiscent of glass, carbon and optical fibers.
Read or Download Handbook of Textile Fibre Structure, Volume 2: Natural, Regenerated, Inorganic, and Specialist Fibres (Woodhead Publishing in Textiles) PDF
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Additional info for Handbook of Textile Fibre Structure, Volume 2: Natural, Regenerated, Inorganic, and Specialist Fibres (Woodhead Publishing in Textiles)
Sample text
In order to improve cellulose reactivity and swelling ability in sodium hydroxide solution, additives such as zinc oxide, urea and thiourea are introduced into NaOH solution [39, 40, 42, 45, 84–86]. g. NaOH/thiourea/urea, can dissolve cellulose directly and quickly, and good cellulose fibres can be formed [46]. 2 Enzymatic modification Modern methods of modifying cellulose pulp include biotechnological methods with the use of cellulolytic enzymes. Enzymatic activation of chemical pulp is known from several patents and papers [18, 87–92].
121] studied the effects of steam explosion on the morphology and physical properties of wood and found that the amorphous cellulose becomes crystalline during the steaming process. Increased crystallinity of cellulose by promoting crystallization of the amorphous regions by steam explosion treatment was observed by other authors [122, 123]. The observations were confirmed by analyses using Raman spectral measurements and solid state NMR spectra. It is known that steam explosion pulp has higher porosity, higher specific surface area and higher hydrophilic character [124].
Chitosan is a versatile biopolymer which displays a series of unique properties and therefore is used in different fields, including medicine, pharmacology and agriculture [184, 185]. The most important feature of this polymer is antimicrobial activity against a broad spectrum of bacteria [186–189]. Chitosan has the same b-(1Æ4)-glucopyranose units as cellulose, except that the 2-hydroxy is replaced by an acetamide group. The similarity of cellulose and chitosan structures suggests that both polymers can be blended sufficiently to form homogeneous composite films or membranes.