By Ivan S. Gutzow, Oleg V. Mazurin, Jürn W. P. Schmelzer, Snejana V. Todorova, Boris B. Petroff, Alexander I. Priven
Written by means of the easiest researchers within the box, this updated treatise fills the distance for a high-level paintings discussing present fabrics and strategies. It covers all of the steps concerned, from vitrification, leisure and viscosity, correct as much as the prediction of glass homes, paving the way in which for more suitable equipment and applications.For good nation physicists and chemists, fabrics scientists, and people operating within the ceramics industry.With a preface through L. David Pye and a foreword through Edgar D. Zanotto
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Extra resources for Glasses and the Glass Transition
Example text
2 Basic Thermodynamics According to definitions given above, thermodynamic equilibrium states are characterized by extremum values of the thermodynamic potentials. ) is kinetically fixed. , with the surrounding as it is assumed in Prigogine’s famous thermodynamic model of life). Both frozenin and stationary states of a system are characterized by constant values of the thermodynamic potentials (including entropy); however, this constancy is retained in a very different way. It is obvious that a stationary process cannot be sustained in a closed system.
In establishing the nature of glasses as nonequilibrium systems, Simon [23] first applied many years ago equilibrium definition 2, demonstrating that (in the framework of his approximation) no extremums in the course 17 18 2 Basic Properties and the Nature of Glasses: an Overview of the thermodynamic potentials are observed in dependence on temperature upon vitrification. For quasi-stationary processes, Eqs. 6) dU D Td S p dV C X μ j dn j . 7) j An integration [54] of Gibbs’s fundamental Eq. 7) yields U D TS pV C X μjnj .
Schmelzer and Ivan S. Gutzow. © 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. Published 2011 by WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. 10 2 Basic Properties and the Nature of Glasses: an Overview with the sizes of the molecules. Every displacement of the building units of the liquid requires thus a more or less distinct way of regrouping the particles and an appropriate configuration of neighboring molecules, for example, the formation of vacancies in terms of the “hole” theories of liquids to be discussed in Chapter 3.