By Noel M. Morris (auth.)
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F. to be mutually induced in the secondary winding. f. induced in the secondary winding (use Lenz's law). When the current in the primary winding reaches its final value, the magnetic flux produced by the primary no longer changes. f. in the secondary winding falls to zero. f. is mutually induced only when the mutual flux is changing. f. of one volt is induced in one coil due to a rate of change of current in the other coil of one ampere per second. f. induced in the secondary winding, then of change of E 2 = M (henrys) x rate .
In a 'fixed' capacitor, the capacitance of a given capacitor has a constant or 'fixed' value, whereas the capacitance of a 'variable' capacitor can be altered by modifying its geometry as follows. The equation for the capacit- 26 ELECTRICAL PRINCIPLES II ance of a parallel-plate capacitor is C = eA/d Thus C can be increased by (1) increasing the value of e, (2) by increasing A, (3) by reducing d. Air Dielectric Capacitors These have air as the dielectric and are physically large for a given value of capacitance.
When the magnet has rotated through 180°, the direction of the induced currents has reversed so that it leaves terminal A'. When this occurs A' is instantaneously positive with respect to B'. Thus the instantaneous polarity of B' is alternately positive and negative with respect to A'. 4. 5a. 5b). Practical alternators are designed so that their voltage waveforms are as near to a perfect sine wave as possible. +~--------~--------~~------~--------~~ .. 5a). Hence The frequency of an alternating waveform is the number of cycles generated per second, and the unit is the hertz (Hz).