By Goetz Benndorf
Dural cavernous sinus fistulas (DCSFs) are benign vascular ailments consisting in an arteriovenous shunt on the cavernous sinus that if misdiagnosed may end up in almost certainly severe ophthalmologic problems. This quantity presents an entire advisor to the analysis and minimum invasive remedy of DCSFs. After sections on anatomy and class, etiology and pathogenesis of DCSFs, the symptomatology of the disorder is defined intimately. The function of recent imaging suggestions within the prognosis of DCSFs is then addressed. electronic subtraction angiography (DSA) continues to be the best for scientific decision-making; right here, complete attention is given to either, traditional 2nd DSA and rotational 3D angiography. fresh technological advances during this box resembling twin quantity (DV) imaging and angiographic computed tomography (ACT) are regarded as good. Due realization is additional paid to using computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound. eventually, the healing administration of DCSFs with emphasis on numerous transvenous occlusion concepts are mentioned extensive. This well-illustrated quantity could be worthwhile to all who could come across DCSF of their scientific perform.
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Extra resources for Dural Cavernous Sinus Fistulas: Diagnosis and Endovascular Therapy (Medical Radiology Diagnostic Imaging)
Sample text
He did not find trabeculae in fetal sinuses. Parkinson (1965, 1967) initially perpetuated the concept of the CS as one large venous space, but found in a later study using venous corrosion specimens that it represents an irregular plexus of varying sized venous channels, dividing and coalescing and incompletely surrounding the carotid artery (Parkinson 1973). Also Bonnet (1957) expressed the opinion that the CS per se does not exist and the space between the dural sheets is filled by the carotid lumen, surrounded by a plexus of veins and nerves.
The intraorbital portion of the OA may be divided into three segments, the first extending from its entry to where the artery crosses under the nerve. The second segment crosses the nerve (in 80% from lateral to medial), and the third extends from here to its termination. The OA gives off a number of branches including the short and long posterior ciliary arteries and the central retinal artery (CRA). 1. Various terms for cavernous ICA branches (modified after Tran-Dinh 1987) Luschka 1860 Inferior hypophyseal artery Mc Connell 1953 Inferior hypophyseal artery Bernasconi and Cassinari 1956 Tentorial (marginal) artery Schnurer and Stattin 1963 Dorsal main stem (Basal tentorial branch, Clival branches, Inferior hypophyseal artery) Pribram et al.
2/3 of the cases). For the venous drainage of the cavernous sinus, the inferior petrosal sinus and the pterygoid plexus are of major importance. In general, tributaries as well as draining veins, may serve as endovascular access routes to the cavernous sinus, depending on individual angioarchitecture of the fistula, hemodynamics and associated thrombosis causing occlusion. Note: the internal carotid artery venous plexus (ICAVP, Rektorzik) is usually not easily visible on 2D angiograms due to its very thin circular lumen in tangential projections.