Banking on the Environment: Multilateral Development Banks by Tamar L. Gutner

By Tamar L. Gutner

Multilateral improvement banks (MDBs) are more and more anticipated to handle environmental concerns of their financial improvement lending. but the banks were accused of failing to enforce their very own environmental guidelines, thereby contributing to environmental degradation in borrowing nations. during this booklet Tamar Gutner analyzes the environmental guidelines of 3 MDBs: the realm financial institution, the eu financial institution for Reconstruction and improvement, and the eu funding financial institution. She compares their functionality in principal and japanese Europe, the place the necessity for financial and environmental reform has been really pressing, and the place those MDBs are one of the biggest donors.Gutner reveals many stumbling blocks to efforts to "green" the 3 banks, so much particularly a mismatch among the environmental mandates and present styles of institutional layout and incentives. The intensity and scope of the banks' eco-friendly actions mirror the measure of shareholder dedication to environmental matters and the way demand-driven the MDB is designed to be. strangely, the area financial institution, the main scrutinized and criticized of the 3 MDBs, has been far more responsive than its opposite numbers to its environmental mandate within the region.The dialogue is framed by way of better explorations of the habit of overseas businesses and the resources in their innovation and inertia in addressing new coverage concerns. Gutner demonstrates the necessity to research the impression of other levels of the coverage method on new mandates and to include either political and institutional variables while constructing theories in regards to the habit of foreign associations.

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Extra info for Banking on the Environment: Multilateral Development Banks and Their Environmental Performance in Central and Eastern Europe (Global Environmental Accord: Strategies for Sustainability and Institutional Innovation)

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The literature focusing on the World Bank is highly critical. Only a few brave souls (outside the Bank) offer praise, and do so by emphasizing changes in Bank policy and procedures, but without an examination of how these policies are (or are not) translated into outcomes in terms of project design and implementation. 22 Learning is defined as a cognitive evolution, where consensual knowledge is used to define and solve problems. They argue that it is rare for learning to take place in IOs; instead, most organizations merely “adapt,” by changing procedures or routines without a deeper examination of underlying values.

These gaps are caused by factors such as: member states must allow EU organizations to have a degree of autonomy to complete their increasingly complex tasks; decision makers have short time horizons, which means that they often do not anticipate the long-term consequences of institutional design and reform; and finally, member state policy preferences shift over time, which can result in the institutional arrangements diverging from member states’ original intentions. 73 Many of these observations resonate with the case of MDBs, particularly in their 40 Chapter 2 assumption that institutional behavior is shaped by different exogenous political and internal institutional factors at different stages of the policy process.

In the former, Rich (in addition to his weak board argument) emphasizes lending pressure as the primary factor discouraging World Bank staff from paying close attention to environmental issues. The pressure to make loans is attributed to specific lending targets that were initiated under Robert McNamara’s stewardship of the World Bank (1968–1981), demand for loans from developing countries, and the always-present pressure for staff to find financially attractive, “bankable” projects. 66 Indeed, he argues that loan repayment has no connection to the quality of project implementation, since countries must repay the Bank whether or not the project is well implemented.

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