By Terry Repak
In an research of modern immigration styles in Washington, D.C., Terry A. Repak records the weird predominance of girls between vital American immigrants. thirds of the arrival immigrants in prior a long time were ladies, a lot of them recruited by means of overseas diplomats and U.S. executive staff to paintings as housekeepers and nannies. Repak considers the hard work strength participation styles for girls in comparison to males, the influence of immigration laws—particularly the IRCA's asymmetric effect on girls as opposed to men—and the profound changes in gender roles and identities that accompany migration.
displaying a unprecedented volume of autonomy, every one of these immigrant ladies determined emigrate with out consulting both fathers or companions, they usually received even better independence as soon as settled. Repak plots the profession trajectories of various valuable American immigrant men and women to demonstrate the array of the women's responses, gender ameliorations within the migration and assimilation adventure, the supply of labor, and the chance for upward mobility and better wages. delivering social, monetary and political context, she appears to be like on the stipulations that set the degree for this migration, together with the fast growth of provider jobs within the Nineteen Sixties and Seventies in Washington, D. C. and the political strife in such relevant American international locations as war-torn El Salvador, Nicaragua, and Guatemala.
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Additional resources for Waiting on Washington: Central American Workers in the Nation's Capital
Example text
Combinations of violent civil strife, political repression, high population-growth rates, a concentration of land in the hands of wealthy families, and sharp declines in commodity prices (and internal production) devastated the economies of EI Salvador, Nicaragua, and Guatemala. Recent Central American migration patterns, which issue from a complex melange of causes, attest to the futility of insisting upon a precise demarcation between "economic" and "political" motivations for migration. The historical-structural framework explains migration as a major consequence of capitalist development; when countries at a lower level of development are incorporated into the world economy, penetration by foreign or domestic capital causes disruptions in traditional modes of production and exchange.
Six men from the death squad were waiting in the house, and they forced Patricia to undress and then raped her in front of the children. When they finished, they asked her what her final wish was, and she begged them to kill the children immediately rather than subject them to torture. As one of her daughters tried to approach her, several men yanked the girl out of the room. Patricia became so frightened for her daughter that she lost consciousness. " Then she learned that a local woman had informed the authorities of their whereabouts and that policemen from the town had frightened the death squad agents away.
Once settled in that city she sought and found a job with a refugee assistance organization in order to help others like herself. Another Salvadoran woman in Washington related how her husband, a political leader in San Salvador, was forcibly abducted from their home late one night, never to be seen alive again. Several other women were teachers who had fled from EI Salvador after close colleagues were murdered or "disappeared" (shorthand for those who were kidnapped and never seen again). The teachers claimed that they were easy targets for political persecution because even glib or innocent statements uttered in their classrooms could be interpreted as criticism of the status quo (ergo they would be accused of disseminating leftist propa- Portrait of a Central American Sending Country 37 ganda).