By Geert H. Janssen
The Dutch insurrection of the 16th century sparked one of many greatest refugee crises of Reformation Europe. This e-book explores the flight, exile and eventual go back of Catholic women and men through the battle. via mapping the Catholic diaspora throughout Europe, Geert H. Janssen explains how exile labored as a catalyst of non secular radicalisation and reworked the realm perspectives, networks and identities of the refugees. Like their Protestant opposite numbers, the displaced Catholic groups turned the mobilising forces in the back of a militant foreign Catholicism. The Catholic exile event therefore facilitated the everlasting separation of the northern and southern Netherlands. Drawing on diaries, letters and proof from fabric tradition, this booklet deals a penetrating photo of the lives of early glossy refugees and their organisation within the Counter-Reformation.
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For Catholics this bodily symbolism was closely connected to the miracle of the Eucharist, and specifically the doctrine of transubstantiation. The latter contends that when the sacrament of holy communion is administered during Mass, the bread and wine of the ritual are transformed into the body and blood of Christ. 10 Although the underlying corporal metaphors left much room for interpretation, they provided a powerful interpretative framework through which contemporaries, such as Lindanus, understood the events in their lives.
These gatherings attracted large crowds. 31 At around the same time a government official in Kortrijk summarised the worrying messages that were spread during these evangelical events: the audacity of the Calvinist preachers in this area has grown so great that in their sermons they admonish the people that it is not enough to remove all idolatry from their hearts; they must also remove it from their sight. 32 Clearly, not all those who frequented the open-air sermons regarded themselves as Protestants, let alone confirmed Calvinists.
The experience of flight Flight was a confusing and humiliating experience for Netherlandish Catholics. The few surviving diaries and letters reveal that those who left their homes in the summer of 1572 often did so in a state of shock. ’17 In Zierikzee a fleeing priest quickly buried 14 15 17 Correspondentie Willem van Oranje, 9461. About him: Hibben, Gouda, 48, 52, 70–2, 266; Boeree, ‘Het verraad’, 195–219; Droog, ‘De oprichting’, 109–12; Vermaseren, De katholieke, 18–24. DWJ, I, 388–89; II, 475.