By Lawrence S. Earley
Overlaying ninety two million acres from Virginia to Texas, the longleaf pine surroundings used to be, in its best, some of the most wide and biologically various ecosystems in North the USA. this day those excellent forests have declined to a fragment in their unique quantity, threatening such species because the gopher tortoise, the red-cockaded woodpecker, and the Venus fly-trap. Conservationists have proclaimed longleaf recovery a big target, yet has it come too late?In searching for Longleaf, Lawrence S. Earley explores the historical past of those forests and the striking biodiversity of the longleaf environment, drawing on broad study and telling the tale via first-person go back and forth money owed and interviews with foresters, ecologists, biologists, botanists, and landowners. for hundreds of years, those huge grass-covered forests supplied pasture for giant farm animals herds, as well as serving because the world's maximum resource of naval shops. They sustained the exploitative turpentine and lumber industries till the majority of the virgin longleaf had vanished.Looking for Longleaf demonstrates how, within the 20th century, wooded area managers and ecologists struggled to appreciate the precise calls for of longleaf and to halt its total decline. The compelling tale Earley tells right here deals desire that with endured human dedication, the longleaf pine would possibly not simply live on, yet once more thrive.
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At the peak of the last glaciation , years ago, the South Atlantic coastline lay about feet lower than it does today. As the climate warmed, the seas began their long climb back up the Coastal Plain. This process of sea level rise and fall, triggered by climate change, was primarily responsible for creating the flattened surface of the Coastal Plain. The landscape is so flat that Alexandria, Louisiana, about miles from the Gulf of Mexico, is only feet above sea level. Geologists have found a number of terraces across the Coastal Plain, each the result of a particular epoch of sea level rise, some marked by abrupt scarps that mark the farthest advances of the sea, all of them covered in various layers of sandy sediments deposited by the sea.
8 But it is not just the number of species in longleaf pine communities that has impressed ecologists; it’s their rarity and their limited distribution. Students of Coastal Plain ecology are struck by the sheer number of endemics in this region. An endemic is a plant or an animal that is tied exclusively to a particular area large or small, or to a particular ecosystem, and doesn’t occur elsewhere. Sometimes endemics require very special ecological conditions and can thrive nowhere else. Some species are endemic because they have only recently evolved and haven’t begun to migrate, some are part of an older population that migrated and then was cut off by some natural barrier.
Organism and environment constitute the real whole, so that ecology, the science which deals with both in their relation to each other, is becoming increasingly valuable as a major science helping us to understand the world about us. —B. W. Wells, The Natural Gardens of North Carolina () ‘‘Xeric sandhill scrub community,’’ says Richard LeBlond, gesturing to the mounds of whitish sand, scattered longleaf pines, squat turkey oaks, sparse wiregrass, and dark patches of lichen. This sandhills site is a harsh environment.