By Gustav Sandin, Greg M. Peters, Magdalena Svanström
This short comprises details at the aid of environmental effect and explains the way it is a key driving force for the R&D of recent wooded area items. The authors, specialists within the box, describe how lifestyles Cycle evaluate (LCA) is used to evaluate the environmental effect of such items, e.g. in an effort to consultant R&D or allure investments. The authors describe the most demanding situations of conducting LCAs on wooded area items, make options for handling those demanding situations, and talk about destiny study wishes. LCA case experiences are used to demonstrate the demanding situations, overlaying a number of woodland items: construction elements, biofuels, commercial chemical substances, fabric fibres and garments. defined demanding situations contain the making plans of LCA experiences (e.g.how can one use LCA in R&D?), the modelling of product platforms (how can one deal with multi-functionality and uncertainties concerning waste dealing with and geographical position of destiny production?) and environmental effect (how can one determine water and land use impression, and the weather effect of biomass?).
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Extra info for Life Cycle Assessment of Forest Products: Challenges and Solutions
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2014) used sensitivity analysis to test different steel recycling rates for the end-of-life handling in an LCA of five bridge designs, and Garcia and Freire (2014) tested the influence of assuming either incineration or landfill as the end-of-life option in carbon footprint calculations of wood-based panels. Accounting for end-of-life uncertainties is particularly important when end-of-life processes can be expected to strongly influence a product’s environmental impact. Efficient recycling in the disposal of buildings may save energy corresponding to 29 % of the energy use in manufacturing and transportation of the construction materials (Blengini 2009) or 15 % of the total energy use of a building’s life cycle (Thormark 2002).
Int J Life Cycle Assess 9:394–404 Kloepffer W (2009) Life cycle sustainability assessment of products. Int J Life Cycle Assess 13 (2):89–95 Kobayashi Y, Peters G, Ashbolt N, Khan S (2015) Assessing burden of disease as disability adjusted life years in life cycle assessment. Sci Total Environ 530–531:120–128 Lund H, Mathiesen BV, Christensen P, Schmidt JH (2010) Energy system analysis of marginal electricity supply in consequential LCA. Int J Life Cycle Assess 15:260–271 Mackay D (2001) Multimedia environmental models.
2011), Sandin et al. (2015c) used scenarios to test the implications of the method for handling multi-functionality in LCAs of biorefinery products. This was done in relation to four decision contexts relevant for forest products produced in biorefineries. The decision contexts were generated by varying two contextual dimensions deemed to be defining in terms of LCA methodology: contexts relating to specific or general product systems, and contexts relating to minor or major modifications of product systems.