By Melvin Goldman, Yoshitaka Okada (auth.), Yoshitaka Okada Ph.D. (eds.)
Japan's expertise help method has performed a very important function in constructing businesses technological strength and stimulating their innovation. How has it been performed, and why is it powerful? The examine findings awarded right here express that what has labored top in Japan is inter-firm cooperative studying, which calls for the help of public know-how associations to advertise cooperation, disseminate know-how, and facilitate innovation. among the books released approximately eastern expertise rules and company administration, this can be the 1st to teach definitively that cooperative studying is critical in a large spectrum of agencies, whether they are keiretsu-affiliated. With a caveat at the boundaries of the japanese approach from an institutional point of view, the countrys techno-governance constitution is published to be more desirable in assembly-oriented industries than in those who are basic-science orientated and hire speedily altering technology.
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23-44. Johnson, Chalmers (1982). MITI and the Japanese Miracle. : Stanford University Press. Kagaku Gijyutsu Seisakushi Kenkyukai (Study Group on Science and Technology Policy History) (1990). Nihon no Kagaku Gijyutsu Seisaku Shi (History of Japanese Science and Technology Policy). Tokyo: Mitoh Kagaku Gijyutsu Kyokai. Kato, Makoto; Mizuno, Takeshi; and Kobayashi, Vasuo. Eds. (1977). Soshiki Mondai to Chushokigyo (Organizational Problems and Small- and Medium-Sized Firms). Tokyo: Doyukan. Kodama, Fumio (1991).
The chapters that follow on four sectors suggest further insights on the technology support system. 1. SURVEY METHODS Data for the study, gathered in 1993, involved a national survey of firms by mail and interviews with firms and TSls. As mentioned in the earlier chapter, for the national survey, researchers in the auto parts, textile, software, machine tool, and foundry industries respectively took proportionate stratified random samples of 500 firms, differentiated by either large-sized firms (hereinafter large firms) (those with more than 300 employees or equity of at least 100 million yen) or small firms.
10 As of 1994, there were ninety-six national institutes. 34 11 Kagaku Gijyutsu Seisakushi Kenkyukai (Study Group on Science and Technology Policy History), 1990: 77-81. 12 From 1973 to 1990, 114 research associations were established. 13 See Wakasugi. 14 As of 1991, there were 171 local/regional technical institutes with 6,849 staff. 15 Under the Small and Medium Enterprise Modernization Law, the Ministry of International Trade and Industry in 1963 established subsidies to improve the technology of small firms.