By Timothy Gorringe
This e-book examines the connection among the theologies of atonement and penal concepts. Christian theology used to be effective in Western society till the 19th century, and the so-called "satisfaction idea" of the atonement interacted and reacted with penal perform. Gorringe argues that atonement theology created a constitution of have an effect on that preferred retributive rules. He stories conception and perform within the 20th century, and makes concrete proposals for either theology and legal and societal violence.
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Extra resources for God’s Just Vengeance: Crime, Violence and the Rhetoric of Salvation
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Hart, The Concept of Law, pp. 2O5ff. Cf. Augustine, De Libero Arbitrio 5; Aquinas, Summa Theologiae ia 2ae Q u . 95 arts. 2, 4. Hart, The Concept of Law, p. 199. , 1986). Act 4, sc. 3. Religion and retribution 17 argues, is that 'punishment aims ... 39 Legal obligation, then, is a species of moral obligation: the obligations which the laws of my community impose on me are aspects of my moral obligation to care for the good of that community. 40 The theologian's intervention in the continuing dispute between legal positivists and their opponents takes roughly the form Duff indicates.
When David asks YHWH the reason for this he is told that it is punishment for the bloodguilt which rests on Saul for putting the Gibeonites to death. David asks the Gibeonites: 'What shall I do for you? 5 (2 Sam. 3). David offers them silver and gold, apparently as 'blood-wit' — but they insist on the principle of life for life (Exod. 2). They demand seven of Saul's sons to be impaled 'before YHWH at the mountain of YHWH' (verse 6). The link with ancient fertility rites is clear, as they are impaled at the beginning of the barley harvest.
We do not have to follow either his famous theory of ressentiment, that these theories represent the revenge of the weak on their oppressors, or his solution of the return to Dionysian ideas of human well-being, to learn from what he has to tell us. He had insights of crucial significance in understanding atonement theology which constitute him one of Paul Ricoeur's 'three masters of suspicion'. 'The gods conceived of as the friends of cruel spectacles - oh how profoundly this ancient idea still permeates our European humanity!