By Bruce M. Bagley, Magdalena Defort
This publication analyzes ALBA’s constitution and dynamics, its practicality, its medium and long term sustainability, and its ability to persuade neighborhood and foreign affairs. The paintings examines ALBA’s attainable financial and safeguard outcomes for neighboring non-member states within the zone, really the U.S., in addition to different key actors similar to China, Russia, and Iran. the amount analyzes the origins, ideological orientation, constitution, inner dynamics, and evolution of the ALBA initiative and its neighborhood and foreign implications in the course of its first decade of life. it's the first entire paintings at the topic with a multi-disciplinary standpoint and it presents an research of the recent nearby, Bolivarian Alliance initiative in Latin the USA and its relation to the overseas method. the quantity comprises reports at the Bolivarian Alliance and Chavismo below Hugo Chávez Frías’ management. As a complete, this quantity weaves jointly such an important matters as oil politics, drug-trafficking, hemispheric defense, and alternate.
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Additional info for Decline of the U.S. Hegemony?: A Challenge of ALBA and a New Latin American Integration of the Twenty-First Century
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Instead, and consistent with Chávez’s reliance on Mészáros, this framework represents a human foundation, or a primordial connection between persons. 42 This human association, therefore, should be at the heart of all institutions, including the economy. 43 MARXISM AND SOCIAL ONTOLOGY As an alternative to capitalism, Marx argued for the collective ownership of the means of production. Moving away from the notion of privately held institutions, he assumed, would begin to restore the collective side of social New Philosophy and Socialism of the Twenty-First Century 21 life that had been undermined by capitalism.
Consistent with the version of Marx found in these early works, they emphasize praxis in their critique of capitalism. Praxis is defined in this case as the creative capacity persons have to construct themselves and society as they desire. The problem with capitalism, however, is that this ability is transformed into “labor power,” or a commodity, and appropriated by capitalists. Hence persons are robbed of their fundamental connection to their creations, which, through a sleight of hand by capitalists, are allotted simply “exchange” or objective market value.
This scenario is hardly the remedy that Marx had in mind for capitalism. The estrangement that haunts capitalism was not supposed to be found in socialism. On the other hand, there has been a trend in Marxist philosophy away from realism. ”51 The thrust of this position is that persons create themselves, their relationships, and their institutions through the exercise of praxis, and that socialism enhances these activities. In this way, these writers are not influenced by dualism and thus do not arrive at realist conclusions about the sovereignty of the state.