By M. T. Andeweg
Because of alterations within the composition of the inhabitants, society adjustments continually with recognize to numerous elements together with age-structure, relatives composition and the provision of power. alterations bring about occasions which are mirrored within the commissioning of constructions, that's steadily shifted from new building to the reuse and protection of present constructions. the variation of constructions usually calls for the amendment of facades and the development at the back of. The scope of this motion in the expense delivery and concrete improvement area is to enhance innovations and strategies for envelopes of structures developed over the past 1/2 the 20 th century within the price international locations. In different phrases it truly is directed at the development envelopes of the so-called non-traditional structures. This ebook is predicated on a help via fee, an intergovernmental ecu framework for foreign cooperation among nationally funded learn actions. fee creates clinical networks and permits scientists to collaborate in a large spectrum of actions in examine and technology.IOS Press is a world technological know-how, technical and scientific writer of high quality books for lecturers, scientists, and pros in all fields. the various components we post in: -Biomedicine -Oncology -Artificial intelligence -Databases and data platforms -Maritime engineering -Nanotechnology -Geoengineering -All facets of physics -E-governance -E-commerce -The wisdom economic system -Urban reviews -Arms keep watch over -Understanding and responding to terrorism -Medical informatics -Computer Sciences
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Extra info for COST C16 Improving the Quality of Existing Urban Building Envelopes I: State of the Art (Research in Architectural Engineering)
Sample text
Originally System Göteborgs Bostads AB was a further developed Danish structural system. For example it was used in Östra Gårdsten, Gothenburg, erected in 1969-70. The structural frame consists of volume units combined with two dimensional room-sized slabs and wall panels. Volume units were delivered completely furnished and enclosed kitchens, bathrooms, washrooms, and installation shafts. They also hold all fittings and cupboards to be placed in the dwelling. The very heavy units were assembled by enormously big mobile cranes demanding totally even, long and straight built-up roads.
In 1977 the U-value for windows was set to 2,00-3,00. The windows had originally mostly two glass panes, more seldom three, but many had bad wood quality and were soon exchanged, by then to three panes. In 1980 15-20% of the buildings from the period 1960-1975 were able to get state grants for insulation, and many of these were upgraded. 3 Description of main technologies. The strength of the building structure is mostly adequate and does not cause problems. A possible weakness in some cases is a sparse dimension, making it hard to rebuild with new openings in walls and floors.
Doing this, they offer a language to discuss them. Because of the complete different setup it is impossible to analyzing the postwar city in the same way. Talking about streets and blocks is not fruitful. Using the ‘glasses’ of the traditionalistic city, we only see floating housingblocks in indifferent surroundings. But the composition of the districts is about balance between open space and masses, between public and private domain. Often there is a very subtle composition of dwelling types, types of public space, green-design and sort of trees.