By Satvir S. Tevethia, Fred Rapp (auth.), Michael G. Hanna Jr., Fred Rapp (eds.)
It has lengthy been suspected, and lately proven, that there's an etiologic courting among a number of viruses and of course taking place neoplasias. Virus precursors within the kind of nucleic acids or antigens have always been linked to convinced neoplasias. notwithstanding, the position of those virus-specified precursors in etiology continues to be vague. fresh reviews of virus-associated neo plasias have ended in advances in molecular concepts, that have yielded increas ingly delicate assays for detection of virus-specific nucleic acids, and that have enabled the disruption of virus debris with out concomitant loss in antigenicity of the elements. those methods have, in flip, led to molecular probes that let extra definitive overview of the host reaction to its virus and to the tumor phone with which the virus or its precursors are linked. reviews of the immune reaction and standing of the host have supplied vital informa tion approximately carcinogenesis and the instruments for seroepidemiological reports of quite a few cancers. those seroepidemiological reviews have established that a number of human cancers, e. g. , Burkitt's lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma, are most likely virus-induced, and that antibodies which are diagnostic and prog nostic for those illnesses are detectable. the belief that pussycat leukemia is a disorder transmitted horizontally through a scourge resulted basically from immunologi cal experiments.
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Extra info for Contemporary Topics in Immunobiology: Immunobiology of Oncogenic Viruses
Sample text
1971b). The synthesis of EA is followed by the inhibition of host DNA synthesis and commitment of the cells to a productive infection resulting in synthesis of viral DNA, virus capsid antigen, and virus particles. , 1971) and appears early in the course of viral infection; its synthesis is not inhibited by inhibitors of DNA synthesis. In the abortive infection, only EBNA is synthesized and the appearance of EA is blocked. Two strains of EBV, which differ in their transforming properties, have been described.
H. Marek's Disease and Epstein-Ba" Viruses. Membrane-associated antigens in cells infected by MDV have been demonstrated by the membrane IF test (Chen and Purchase, 1970; Ahmed and Schidlovsky, 1972; Nazerian and Chen, 1973). Cell-surface antigens have also been demonstrated on the surface ofMDV tumor cells and the lymphoblastoid lines which carry the viral genome. , 1975). , 1966, 1967). , 1971a). , 1971). , 1971). VIII. GENETIC ORIGIN OF DNA-VIRUS-SPECIFIED ANTIGENS Antigens present in DNA-virus-transformed cells have been used to follow in vitro and in vivo transformation of mammalian cells.
Epstein-Barr Virus As previously mentioned, the association between EBV and BL is very strong (for reviews, see Epstein, 1970; Klein, 1973, 1974; Henle and Henle, 1974). , 1967), and an EBV-specific nonvirion intranuclear antigen (EBNA) (Reedman and Klein, 1973). Cells cultured from the BL biopsy may synthesize other virus-specific products in addition to EBNA and MA. These may include, depending upon the cell line, an early antigen (EA) which may be diffuse (D) or restricted (R) (G. , 1971; W.