By Jan G.M. van Mier
The examine of fracture mechanics of concrete has built lately to the purpose the place it may be used for assessing the sturdiness of concrete buildings and for the improvement of latest concrete fabrics. the decade has visible a steady shift of curiosity towards fracture stories at more and more smaller sizes and scales. Concrete Fracture: A Multiscale method explores fracture houses of cement and urban in response to their real fabric structure.
Concrete is a posh hierarchical fabric, containing fabric structural components spanning scales from the nano- to micro- and meso-level. hence, multi-scale ways are crucial for a greater realizing of mechanical homes and fracture particularly. This quantity contains quite a few examples of fracture analyses on the micro- and meso-level. The e-book provides versions observed through trustworthy experiments and explains how those experiments are played. It additionally presents quite a few examples of attempt equipment and requisites for comparing quasi-brittle fabrics. extra importantly, it proposes a brand new modeling technique in line with multiscale interplay strength and examines the comparable experimental demanding situations dealing with study engineers and development professionals.
The book’s finished insurance is poised to inspire new projects for overcoming the problems encountered while acting fracture experiments on cement on the micro-size/scale and smaller. the writer demonstrates how the got effects can healthy into the bigger photo of the fabric technology of concrete―particularly the layout of recent high-performance concrete fabrics which are positioned to reliable use within the improvement of effective and sturdy structures.
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Additional info for Concrete Fracture: A Multiscale Approach
Sample text
In recent years many more complicated models have been developed, such as higher-order continua. In the context of this book it suffices to say that over 90% of the finite element models appear to be based on the simple earliest models mentioned above. 9. A collection of data points from tests by Cornelissen et al. (1986a,b) is shown. 11). 9. We return to the effect of the rotational stiffness of the loading platen later in this chapter. There are two important quantities that can be derived from the Fictitious Crack Model: the specific fracture energy Gf (already mentioned above) and the characteristic length lch.
Surface defects result in premature failure at stress levels quite below the maximum attainable value. 1a, the crack seems to have nucleated from the small white line at the bottom of the mirror area. 1b. The crack nucleated from an imperfection, and appeared to have started symmetrically in the beginning. After the rather smooth mirrorzone, surface roughness gradually increased into the mist- and hackle-zones. 1 Mirror-mist-hackle zones after loading a glass rod to failure (a), and close-up of the point where the crack nucleated.
There is a catch, however. The brittleness of a material may differ when the structural conditions change. This was recognized by Elfgren (1989, p. 399) who proposed a brittleness number as the quotient of the elastic energy stored in the structure and the fracture energy. , the third power of a characteristic length of the structure L), whereas fracture energy Us is a surface measure and depends on L2 only. 30) and a measure for the size of the structure comes into play. A structure is brittle when the stored elastic energy is higher than the energy needed to create the critical fracture plane; that is, UE >> Us.