By Zygmunt Bauman
From one in all today's most outstanding thinkers--a piercing exam of poverty within the sleek age
If "being poor" as soon as derived its that means from the of being unemployed, at the present time it attracts its which means essentially from the plight of a wrong shopper. This contrast really makes a distinction within the means poverty is skilled and within the percentages to redeem its misery.
This soaking up e-book strains this modification, and makes a listing of its social results. It additionally considers methods of scuffling with again advancing poverty and mitigating its hardships, and tackles the issues of poverty in its current form.
The new version gains: up to date assurance of the growth made by means of key thinkers within the box A dialogue of modern paintings on redundancy, disposability, and exclusion Explorations of recent theories of plausible suggestions to poverty
Students of sociology, politics, and social coverage will locate this to be a useful textual content at the altering importance and implications of a permanent social challenge.
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Extra info for Work, Consumerism and the New Poor (2nd Edition) (Issues in Society)
Sample text
Having dismantled the ‘pre-modern’ – traditional, ascriptive mechanisms of social placement, which left to men and women only the relatively straightforward task of ‘sticking to one’s own kind’, of living up to (but not above) the standards attached to the ‘social category’ into which they were born – modernity charged the individual with the task of ‘self-construction’: building one’s own social identity if not fully from scratch, at least from its foundation up. Responsibility of the individual – once confined to obeying the rules that defined in no uncertain terms what it meant to be a nobleman, a tradesman, a mercenary soldier, a craftsman, a farm tenant or a farm hand – now extended to include the choice of social definition itself and having this socially recognized and approved.
That rest is given no chance of living-through their jobs in a way the vocations are lived. The ‘flexible labour market’ neither offers nor permits commitment and dedication to any currently performed occupation. Getting attached to the job in hand, falling in love with what the job requires its holder to do, identifying one’s place in the world with the work performed or the skills deployed, means becoming a hostage to fate; it is neither very likely nor to be recommended, given the short-lived nature of any employment and the ‘until further notice’ clause entailed in any contract.
It elicited the kind of conduct which the original work ethic, supported by the means of economic and occasionally physical coercion, strove to achieve in vain. It instilled in the minds and the actions of modern producers not so much the ‘spirit of capitalism’ as the tendency to assess human value and dignity in terms of monetary rewards. It also shifted human motivation and the craving for freedom firmly and thus irretrievably into the sphere of consumption. These effects came to determine in large measure the later history of modern society as it moved from a society of producers to that of consumers.