By Christen Skaar
Wood is shaped in an primarily water-saturated surroundings within the residing tree, and the mobile wall is still during this kingdom till the water move from the roots is interrupted, equivalent to through felling the tree. The wooden then starts off to lose so much of its moisture via drying, leading to adjustments in so much of its actual houses. those alterations, and their courting to the surroundings to which the wooden is therefore ex posed, are the topic of this publication. The textual content comprises six chapters. the 1st bankruptcy discusses cer tain empirical relationships among wooden and water, equipment of measuring wooden moisture content material, components which impact its equilib rium moisture content material, and the impression of moisture content material on wooden energy. the second one bankruptcy treats the thermodynamics of moisture sorption by way of wooden, inc1uding enthalpy, entropy, and loose power adjustments. The 3rd bankruptcy discusses the various theories that have been proposed to provide an explanation for the sorption isotherms for hygroscopic ma terials corresponding to wooden. bankruptcy four considers hygroexpansion or the shrinking and swelling of wooden linked to moisture swap. bankruptcy five is worried with how moisture strikes in the course of the phone wall of wooden in accordance with either moisture and temperature gradients. The 6th and ultimate bankruptcy discusses the theoretical and sensible features of resistance and dielectric homes of wooden, in c1uding the rules inquisitive about their program in electric moisture meters.
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Extra resources for Wood-Water Relations
Example text
Since Po is larger than Po in the winter months, the indoor relative vapor (pi/PO) is lower than that outdoors (Pli/PO) even when the vapor pressures pi and pli are equal. Based on Fig. 25, it appears that the EMC outdoors in the Massachusetts climate is essentially constant at approximately 16070, but that the EMC indoors may fluctuate from a low of 2070 in midwinter to the outdoor equilibrium of 16070 in midsummer. This does not necessarily mean that particular wood sampies, such as the components of wooden furniture, kept indoors in Amherst will vary between the two extremes given above, for several reasons.
The curves are calculated from Eqs. 8). 2 also shows how the entropy for water, expressed as the product TS, increases with temperature. In this case the residual entropy SO at zero Kelvin is taken to be zero, in conformity with the Third Law of Thermodynamics. 81 eal/ mol/deg, based on statistical meehanical ealeulations, aeeording to Eisenberg and Kauzmann (1969). The units of TS are the same (keal/mol) as those of the enthalpy H. Thermodynamic Properties of Water 49 The third curve shown in Fig.
For example, below the melting point temperature Gi-Ho = Hi-Ho-TS i .