By Mark Harrison, Gerry Embleton
Whilst Norwegian Vikings first raided the eu coast within the eighth century advert, their leaders have been from the center ranks of warriors referred to as hersirs. at the present the hersir was once commonly an autonomous landowner or neighborhood chieftain with gear enhanced to that of his fans. via the top of the tenth century, the independence of the hersir was once long gone, and he was once now a local servant of the Norwegian king. This publication investigates those brutal, cellular warriors, and examines their strategies and psychology in warfare, dispelling the assumption of the Viking raider as easily a killing computing device.
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Extra info for Viking Hersir 793-1066 AD
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Never again! Apart from having a horse more suited to the task, the cavalryman must take care not to let the rear point of his xyston extend beyond his horse’s rump, lest it endanger the companions riding hard behind, but the advantage of a double-headed lance, as Alexander was to find out, is that once the forward end has broken, you can simply lift your arm above your head and you immediately have a short stabbing spear. In closing, Spithrobates had drawn his sword but, as he swung it, Alexander drove what remained of his xyston into Spithrobates’ face, killing him outright.
At this stage the blade would be work hardened by hammering it with a bronze hammer on a bronze anvil and then it would be put to a whetstone to give it an edge. Last of all, a charcoal dust and clay paste on a soft cloth gives a final polish, bringing to life a blade that gleamed resplendently and reflected warm golden rays as if it were the sun itself. An army equipped fully with bronze weapons would have been a magnificent and terrifying sight. Axeheads and spearheads would play their part but the psychological intimidation created by massed ranks with sharp, glinting khepeshes must have been greater, not least because it might suggest that the soldiers were at a higher level of military training.
His father, Akhenaten, had begun his reign as Amenhotep IV. He changed his name five years later in an act of religious reformation that was to have cataclysmic impact and which rocked the foundations of the Egyptian establishment. Hitherto the Egyptians had worshipped a pantheon of gods, of which Amun was a principal, but not the sole, deity. Amenhotep, a name meaning ‘Amun is satisfied’, declared suddenly that Aten was the only god and changed his name to Akhenaten, meaning ‘the effective spirit of Aten’.