By David H. Benzing
This synthesis of the becoming physique of data from learn on epiphytes and their relatives with different tropical biota offers a accomplished evaluation of simple services, lifestyles historical past, evolution, and where of epiphytes in complicated tropical groups. Epiphytes contain greater than one-third of the tropical vascular flowers in a few tropical forests. growing to be inside tropical woodland canopies, epiphytes are topic to serious environmental constraints, and their varied diversifications cause them to a wealthy source for experiences of water stability, foodstuff, replica and evolution.
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Additional info for Vascular Epiphytes: General Biology and Related Biota
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2, part 4, although that example shows a slight tendency for tangentially wide groups. Most examples tend to illustrate more radial than tangential width of the group (a fact that may be related to the value of radial groupings hypothesized above). The term "duster" may, therefore, be used even if some aspect of radial grouping is present and the two types should not be regarded as mutually exclusive. 3 Diagonal Aggregations Aggregations (groupings often traversing rays) that are oriented in directions midway between radial and tangential are considered under this heading.
A mean seems a useful figure to present for vessel dimensions. However, should one give, in addition, a standard deviation, a total range, or a most frequent range? Let us suppose that most cell populations tend to follow a normal distribution curve (Vales and Babos 1977). If this is so, a mean provides the most informative datum, because it closely approximates the majority of the cells. Range appears the least informative, because extremely short or long, narrow or wide cells are almost chance occurrences.
6 Olearia muelleri. (1-3:B; 4-6:A) 42 Vessel Elements Fibriform vessel elements may represent cells in which the tapered ends connote greater intrusiveness than is characteristic of broader vessel elements. In fact, where Observations are available, fibriform vessel elements tend to be Ionger than ordinary vessel elements they accompany in woods that have both. This seems to be correlated with the observation that in growth rings, the narrower latewood vessel elements tend to be Ionger than earlywood vessel elements (Swamy et al.