The Triple Helix: University-Industry-Government Innovation by Henry Etzkowitz, Chunyan Zhou

By Henry Etzkowitz, Chunyan Zhou

A Triple Helix of university-industry-government interactions is the foremost to innovation in more and more knowledge-based societies. because the construction, dissemination, and usage of data strikes from the outer edge to the guts of commercial construction and governance, the concept that of innovation, in product and technique, is itself being remodeled. instead is a brand new experience of 'innovation in innovation' - the restructuring and enhancement of the organizational preparations and incentives that foster innovation.

This triple helix intersection of quite self sustaining institutional spheres generates hybrid businesses resembling know-how move places of work in universities, organisations, and govt learn labs and company and fiscal help associations corresponding to angel networks and enterprise capital for brand spanking new technology-based organizations which are more and more constructing round the world.

The Triple Helix describes this new innovation version and assists scholars, researchers, and policymakers in addressing such questions as: How can we increase the function of universities in local monetary and social improvement? How can governments, in any respect degrees, inspire electorate to take an lively function in selling innovation in innovation and, conversely, how can voters so motivate their governments? How can corporations collaborate with one another and with universities and executive to turn into extra cutting edge? What are the main components and demanding situations to attaining those goals?

 

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Information circulation: innovation networks Collaboration is premised on information communication that, in the information technology (IT) era, increasingly occurs through networks at various levels, from local to international. Some information networks are Pathways to the triple helix 23 designed to announce government policies and funding sources, cuttingedge research results from universities and their implications for new technologies and industries; collaboration needs from industry. Others are also designed to support innovative regions.

28 Marx also posited science as a source of the future economy, based on a single crucial instance: William Henry Perkin’s research on dyestuffs in England developed into an industry in Germany. The growth of science-based technology, from the 17th century, intersecting with the emergence of independent institutional spheres in the 18th century, founded a new dynamics of innovation. These two dimensions came together in the creation of the research university in the 19th century, incorporating experimental science.

BayhDole created an intellectual-property development system that combined private and public benefits in a balanced framework. The Bayh-Dole regime took into account the need to incentivize all participants to simultaneously advance commercialization and maximize access to knowledge created with government funds. While university technology transfer pre-dates Bayh-Dole and was on an upward trajectory at the time of its passage, the act codified and legitimized a set of informal practices and relationships that had emerged among university, industry, and government during the preceding century.

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