By James E. Mark, Burak Erman, Mike Roland
The 4e of The technological know-how and expertise of Rubber offers a large survey of elastomers with distinct emphasis on fabrics with a rubber-like elasticity. As in earlier versions, the emphasis is still on a unified therapy of the fabric, exploring chemical facets equivalent to elastomer synthesis and curing, via fresh theoretical advancements and characterization of equilibrium and dynamic homes, to the ultimate purposes of rubber, together with tire engineering and production. up to date fabric stresses the continual courting among ongoing study in synthesis, physics, constitution and mechanics of rubber know-how and commercial purposes. specified realization is paid to contemporary advances in rubber-like elasticity thought and new processing recommendations for elastomers. intriguing new advancements in eco-friendly tire production and tire recycling are covered.
- Provides a whole survey of elastomers for engineers and researchers in a unified therapy: from chemical facets like elastomer synthesis and curing to the ultimate purposes of rubber, together with tire engineering and manufacturing
- Contains very important updates to numerous chapters, together with elastomer synthesis, characterization, viscoelastic habit, rheology, reinforcement, tire engineering, and recycling
- Includes a brand new bankruptcy at the burgeoning box of bioelastomers
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With time of reaction, as shown in Fig. 1(A). Pi + Pj Æ Pi+ j (1) These step-growth polymerization reactions fall into two classes [23, 24]: Polycondensation: growth of polymer chains proceeds by condensation reactions between molecules of all degrees of polymerization. A low-molar-mass by-product (AB) is also formed. A-R -A + B-R-B Æ A-R-R-B + AB (2) 32 Roderic P. Quirk and Deanna L. Gomochak Pickel FIGURE 1 Variation of molecular weight with % conversion for (A) step-growth polymerization, (B) chain-growth polymerization, and (C) living chain-growth polymerization with no chain transfer and no chain termination.
Thus, at any given time during the polymerization, the reacting species present consist only of growing chains and monomer molecules, in addition to the “dead” polymer chains formed earlier by chain termination reactions. , free radicals or free ions) but may attain very long chain lengths during their brief lifetimes as illustrated in Fig. 1(B). , living polymers [22–24]), in which case the chain lengths may increase as a direct function of time of reaction as shown in Fig. 1(C). Hence, unlike the case of step polymerizations, the molecular weights in chain addition polymerization systems may or may not be directly related to time or extent of reaction [see Fig.
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