By Ian Taylor, Visit Amazon's Paul Walton Page, search results, Learn about Author Central, Paul Walton, , Visit Amazon's Jock Young Page, search results, Learn about Author Central, Jock Young,
An important contribution to criminology during which Taylor, Walton and younger supply a framework for a completely social thought of crime.
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Additional info for The New Criminology: For a Social Theory of Deviance (International Library of Sociology)
Example text
We may artificially say that every person either is or is not a criminal, but this would be so grossly over-simplified as to be untrue. Criminals vary among themselves, from those who fall once and never again, to those who spend most of their life in prison. Clearly the latter have far more ‘criminality’ in their make-up than the former. Similarly, people who are not convicted of crimes may also differ widely in respect to moral character. Some may in fact have committed crimes for which they were never caught or, if they were caught, perhaps the court took a rather lenient view.
In one stroke, ethical questions concerning the present order and the reaction against the deviant are removed, for the humanitarian task of the expert becomes that of bringing the miscreant back into the consensual fold. The determinism of behaviour To argue that there is a consensus in society and a determination of behaviour allows the positivist to present an absolute situation (uncomplicated by the exercise of choice) for both normals and 31 THE APPEAL OF POSITIVISM deviants. The ‘normal man in the street’ has no option but to conform, for he is, given his adequate socialization, impelled to do so and as there is only one monolithic reality, no ‘choices’ exist outside of the consensus.
It is based on popularized versions of scientific criminology (for reasons we shall investigate in chapter 2), not on thoroughgoing positivism itself. Indeed precisely such an accusation could be levelled at popularized conceptions of classicist theory 14—against which, as David Matza has correctly indicated, positivist theory emerged as a critique. For the essence of positivism is a quantitative, scientific approach to its subject matter. It does not envisage the world in terms of dualities but in terms of continuity.