By Hermann Waibel
As because of the the fairway revolution, using yield-increasing inputs resembling fer tilizer and insecticides turned a question in fact in irrigated rice farming in Southeast Asia. insecticides have been utilized liberally, either as a warrantly opposed to crop failure and as a way of absolutely using the prevailing yield capability of the vegetation. despite the fact that, due to the fact that outbreaks of pests, corresponding to the brown planthopper (BPH) or the tungro virus, persevered to ensue regardless of the applying of chemical compounds, a transformation of technique started to ensue. it really is now being discovered a growing number of in Southeast Asia that crop safeguard difficulties can't be resolved completely by way of the appliance of chemical compounds. some time past a number of years, expanding efforts have there fore been made to introduce, as a primary step, supervised crop safeguard, best steadily to built-in pest administration (Kranz, 1982). even if the crop defense difficulties evidently fluctuate within the assorted devel oping international locations in Southeast Asia, the industrial state of affairs triumphing in those international locations can however be considered as a big universal determinant: pesticide imports expend scarce foreign exchange and hence compete with different imports necessary to improvement. For the person rice farmer, the matter is largely an analogous: his funds cash are restricted and he needs to conscientiously weigh even if to take advantage of them for purchas ing insecticides, fertilizer or qualified seed. In view of this constraint, it truly is becom ing essential to abandon the merely prophylactic, regimen calendar spraying and as a substitute, hire significantly timed and need-based pesticide applications.
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Additional info for The Economics of Integrated Pest Control in Irrigated Rice: A Case Study from the Philippines
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Wetzel et al. 1980). As far as the crop plant is concerned, its particular growth stage is important both for the development of the individual yield components and with respect to its ability to compensate for the injury caused by the pest. By selecting an appropriate infestation criterium, the number of influencing variables can be reduced and the system thus simplified. Damage symptoms such as the percentage of dead hearts (stem borer) or the proportion of infested leaves (leaf pests) are the criteria currently used for infestation surveys in rice cultivation.
Since these functions are based on trial data covering several years, it can be assumed that a stem borer infestation of 2-3% dead hearts during the generative growth phase will not produce a measurable effect on crop yields. Although the estimated functions for crop loss due to tungro at BRES and MRRTC differ in shape, they lead to similar results in the range of high infestation intensities. In the case of BRES, the positive Y intercept of the function indicates a progressive increase in crop loss in the range of low infestation intensities.
In the following, the author will discuss the methodology of the available data and the results obtained which were tested for their utility within the scope of the present study. 1 Methodology Before use is made of the regression analysis to compute damage coefficients, some basic questions must first be clarified. There are a number of possible ways of selecting both the exogenous and the endogenous variables. e. deciding whether linear or non-linear relationships exist between the exogenous and endogenous variables.