The Acoustic Reflex. Basic Principles and Clinical by Shlomo Silman

By Shlomo Silman

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R. , & Zwislocki, J. J. 1971. The effect of temporal summation on the human stapedius reflex. Acta Oto-Laryngologica 71, 262-265. , & Zwislocki, J. J. 1973. On the critical band in acoustic reflex. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 54, 1157-1159. , & Gisselsson, L. 1955. Electromyographic studies of middle ear muscles in the cat. Electroencepholography and Clinical Neurophysiology 7, 3 9 9 - 4 0 6 . Fletcher, J. L. 1962. Reflex response of middle-ear muscles: Protection of the ear from noise.

Resistance changes, predominantly cochlear in origin, are best seen using 800-900 Hz. Unfortunately the situation is not as simple as it first appears. To understand why, it is necessary to look in detail at two groups of patients: otosclerotics and infants. T H E A C O U S T I C R E F L E X IN OTOSCLEROSIS The presence of biphasic reflex responses from patients having early stages of otosclerosis has been noted for over a decade (Flottorp & Djupesland, 1970). F i g . 7 Adult |Z| and φ reflex results together with the corresponding vectorial shifts.

Fig. 5 The vectorial components of admittance. 46 M. BENNETT THE APPROXIMATION OF COMPLIANCE The concept of compliance was previously introduced in connection with removal of the ear-canal volume. Reiterating, it is the equivalent volume of air in a hard-walled cavity having the same stiffness reactance as the net reactance being measured. Nevertheless, impedance bridges do not measure stiffness reactance X s , they measure the impedance vector length I ZI: |Z| = VR 2 2 + (XM - XS) . (7) Now although the stiffness reactance will always predominate over the mass reactance (because of the ear-canal volume), R has a finite value and hence | Z | is not the same as the net reactance.

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