Sugar and the origins of modern Philippine society by John A. Larkin

By John A. Larkin

The sugar has been an essential component of the commercial and social lifetime of glossy Philippine society. John A. Larkin examines how either the Filipino humans and colonizing forces participated during this and the way sorts of society emerged: one according to plantation agriculture, the opposite on tenant farming.Negros Occidental and Pampanga, crucial sugar-producing areas, are the focal point of Larkin's research. interpreting the increase of the elite plantation-owning type, the next hole among the terribly prosperous and the impoverished, and the nation's dependence at the overseas marketplace, Larkin concludes that the sugar ended in stunted fiscal improvement, extensive cleavages one of the Filipino humans, and an imbalance of political power--all results which are nonetheless felt this present day.

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Social historians have commonly accepted the tenet that modern Philippine society and culture derived from the interaction between native traditions and Western ideas introduced through colonialism. They have acknowledged as chief vehicles of occidental penetration the Catholic religion and the American educational system, as well as the forms of government introduced by the two powers. Less well recognized, however, is the role of economic enterprise in the molding process, even though commerce has long been a staple of archipelago activity.

A history of the sugar industry can offer a view of the linkages between the two spheres. This book, then, is neither regional nor national history as heretofore done, but, rather, comparative and integrative history. Comparative history works best when the areas contrasted share common experiences. During the early centuries of Spanish occupation, Pampanga and western Negros bore little resemblance to one another; thus, I have treated the two regions during this time as distinct. However, in modern times, as their histories converged under the impact of sugar, I have intermingled the two accounts more.

Early on planters and middlemen shipped their product in light sailing vessels called cascos down the shallow streams entering Manila Bay. In the late nineteenth century the main trunk of the railroad that runs north from the capital reached Pampanga. Subsequently, feeder lines branched out to meet the industry's needs, and since then the raw sugar has gone mainly by rail, either to the port, from where it is shipped overseas, or to refineries that supply the insular market. The sugar region encompasses eighteen towns of Pampanga, four of Tarlac, and one of Bataan, where cane has been grown on a significant scale.

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