By Keith Worden
A normal advent to clever or clever fabrics, structures and machines. offered in comprehensible and non-mathematical phrases, it truly is for a person who's attracted to destiny advancements in those fields or who should be briefed at the present prestige of those interdisciplinary applied sciences. The meant viewers includes physicists, engineers, fabrics scientists and laptop scientists of all degrees, from undergraduates to post-doctoral practitioners.
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In Sec. 2 it was demonstrated that if the response was measured at a node of a vibration mode shape then the mode in question will not appear in the response. Therefore the mode is not observable. Increasing the number of sensors used to measure the mode Active Control of Structures 47 C o & Time Fig. 10 Response of an unstable system. means there is more chance of one of the sensors picking up the response of the mode. However, if a beam were bending in the horizontal plane, then this will not be observed by sensors measuring the response in the vertical plane.
The performance index that is optimized in an LQR controller is the weighted sum of the output response and the control force required. Thus the result is a compromise between the response (which we would like to be zero) and the energy required for the control. 4 Examples of Vibration Control This section gives typical examples of vibration control of smart structures. The initial example is possibly the simplest possible, namely a cantilevered Examples of Vibration Control 51 beam in bending, with either a surface mounted or embedded piezoceramic actuator.
The constant of proportionality used is the filter stiffness, which is positive, and hence the name Positive Position Feedback results. This is shown diagramatically in Fig. 11. In this way the physical mode and the compensator are coupled, and the damping in the compensator may be increased to damp out the physical vibrations. Note that the filter natural frequency and damping ratio are chosen electronically by the closed loop design process. Also note that the control filter requires the measurement of the modal position coordinate.