By Stephen Halebsky
Small cities and massive enterprise comprehensively examines the phenomenon of neighborhood protests opposed to Wal-Mart superstores. utilizing fieldwork and archival resources, Halebsky situates those protests within the context of monetary restructuring and the growth of retailing; explains how a few neighborhood social activities have been capable of effectively fend off the world's greatest keep; and assesses the consequences for efforts to restrict company strength, face up to McDonaldization, and safeguard neighborhood caliber of existence.
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33. ’”; Shemtov, “Taking Ownership”; Simmons and Stark, “Backyard Protest”; and Walsh, Warland, and Smith, Don’t Burn It Here. 34. Molotch, “City as a Growth Machine”; and Logan and Molotch, Urban Fortunes. Introduction 25 35. ” 36. Although I refer to all the municipalities as cities, Ottawa is officially designated a village. 37. The population figures for the cities in the year the controversy began are as follows: Gig Harbor: 5,470 (1995); Petoskey: 6,625 (1994); West Bend: 27,714 (1994); Ottawa: 4,352 (1994); Ashland: 8,744 (1990); Eureka: 25,429 (1998).
The superstore story has several parts: changes in the retail industry, leading to the dominance of big retailers; legal and legislative wrangling between big retailers and other merchants; the rise of Wal-Mart; aggressive retail development; and eventual reaction as local citizens became increasingly concerned about retail saturation, sprawl, the fate of small merchants, and threats to local quality of life. CHANGES IN THE RETAIL INDUSTRY Increased Retail Sales Although the American economy has not regained the rapid growth rate of the “golden age” of American capitalism that lasted from the end of WWII to the early 1970s, during the last several decades it has continued to grow at an impressive rate.
This decline in the number of firms is a result of many going out of business, merging with other firms, or being acquired. The surviving firms have tended to be the big chains, which have garnered an increasing share of the market. 2). These data confirm what we see happening all across the county: big chains are taking over retailing. The category within retail trade known as “general merchandise stores” encompasses department stores, variety stores, and miscellaneous general merchandise stores, and includes most nonspecialized retailers such as WalMart.