Science in the Ancient World An Encyclopedia by Russell M. Lawson

By Russell M. Lawson

The first A–Z source to catalog the achievements and legacy of greater than 4 millennia of clinical concept within the historical global of the Mediterranean and the close to East, supplying a whole evaluation of the actual, chemical, existence, clinical, and social sciences of the classical world.

• an entire bibliography of basic resource files, secondary resource biographies, and significant analyses

• 50 illustrations together with maps, photographs of the most important clinical figures, and depictions of medical tools and phenomena

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Translated by John F. Healy. London: Penguin Books, 1991. Plutarch. Life of Alexander. Translated by Bernadotte Perrin. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1986. 11 Ammianus Marcellinus (325–395 CE) Ammianus Marcellinus was a soldier turned historian during the Later Roman Empire. He was a native of Antioch in Syria, a Greek from an aristocratic family who served in the Roman military under the emperors Constantius II and Julian. As a soldier he traveled throughout the Roman Empire, from Gaul (France) in the west to the eastern extreme of the empire at Mesopotamia (Tigris and Euphrates river valleys).

Makers of Rome. Translated by Ian ScottKilvert. Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin Books, 1965. , ed. The Library of Original Sources. Vol. 3, The Roman World, pp. 286–292. Milwaukee: University Research Extension, 1907. Architecture See Engineering and Technology Aristarchus of Samos (310–230 BCE) Aristarchus of Samos was a mathematician who was the first human to argue that the sun, not the earth, was the center of the universe. Aristarchus was a theorist more than an empiricist. His treatise, On the Sizes and Distances of the Sun and Moon, provided the theoretical, mathematical basis for measurements of the heavenly bodies and calculations of their distances.

Ethics How, one might ask, can ethics, the ultimate basis of behavior, the set of rules that establishes the good, be understood according to science? Aristotle believed that the tools of science—observation, categorization, logic, induction—could be brought to bear on the study of human behavior. The scientist studies human behavior in its incredible variety of contexts to arrive at general laws of how humans act and how they should act. How humans act is the realm of the scientist; how humans should act is the realm of the philosopher.

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