By William Poundstone
John von Neumann invented the electronic desktop, performed a key function within the improvement of the atom bomb, developed a department of arithmetic referred to as video game concept, and have become a defender of a move to bomb the Russians sooner than they can bomb us. Now comes a biography of this debatable genius and an exploration of his maximum idea--one that almost caused a nuclear conflict in 1950. photos.
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The Chinese man is represented as both woman (the courteous, “shy,” and “feminine” domestic) and man (the gambling, opium-smoking criminal). The Chinese woman is described both as both a “lily woman” and a “soiled” prostitute. The community of Chinatown itself is portrayed as clannish and inscrutable, except insofar as one detects, beneath the veneer of courtesy, a hellish maze of tunnels, a “network of deviance” and crime. In Gwen Kinkead’s description of New York’s Chinatown, written nearly a century later, the streets are crooked, the smells off-putting, and the community is characterized by an “oyster-like impenetrability” by the lights of which white people are dismissed as barbarians.
In “The Role of Art in Sustaining Communities,” Marcia Muelder Eaton asks whether the arts can reasonably be thought to sustain communities. As Eaton observes, there is a lot of loose talk on the subject, especially from arts advocates who, understandably enough, try to explain why artistic and cultural institutions, including arts education programs, should be defended and supported, especially in times of limited financial resources or when particular artists or institutions come under attack for what is perceived as vapid, malicious, cynical, immoral, pornographic, subversive, or otherwise harmful performances or works.
The essays by J. Blaine Hudson and Duane Champagne underscore the role that nationalism has played in the formation and nature of communities in the United States. Canada presents another, and an unusually rich, example of the intersection of cultural, constitutional, political, and national matters in the construction of communities. ” Central to the Canadian conundrum is the ongoing conflict between Canadian federalists and Quebec nationalists. In a 1995 referendum held in Quebec, the Parti Québecois (PQ) nearly won a mandate to begin sovereignty negotiations with the Canadian Federal government.