By Hongting Pu
Together with chemical, artificial, and cross-disciplinary ways; this book includes the required strategies and applied sciences to assist readers greater comprehend polymers for polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) gas cells. The equipment within the ebook are necessary to researchers and scientists within the box and should result in extra improvement in polymer and gasoline telephone technologies.
• Provides entire, crucial, and complete review of polymer purposes for PEM gas cells
• Emphasizes state of the art advancements and techniques, like PEMs for novel gas cells and polymers for gas cellphone catalysts
• Includes precise chapters on significant subject matters, like PEM for direct liquid gas cells and fluoropolymers and non-fluorinated polymers for PEM
• Has relevance to a variety of industries – like polymer engineering, fabrics, and eco-friendly know-how – concerned with gas mobile applied sciences and R&D
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16 S/cm, when its IEC approaches 3 mmol/g. Such a composite was obtained by a precipitation method. Namely, the PSDS membrane was immersed, at 80 °C, in an aqueous solution of ZrOCl2, to which 1 M H3PO4 was added. ZrHPO4 (ZrP) precipitates for 24 h in the water-swollen pores of the membrane [170]. Physicochemical characteristics and electrical performance of sulfonated and grafted poly(para-phenylene(s)) have been investigated by Ninivin et al. [171]. It was expected that the permeability to methanol of some of such compounds would be MEMBRANES FOR PEM FUEL CELLS 33 very low.
Preliminary tests conducted using FCs with ∼250 μm thick nanoporous membrane, with electrodes on which 4 mg Pt/cm2 was dispersed on both the anode and the cathode, and fueled by 1 M methanol (in 3 M aq. H2SO4) flowing at the rate of 180 ml/min, against 3 atm of dry air, yielded 50 and 130 mW/cm2 at 80 °C and at 130 °C, respectively. 56 A/cm2 at 80 and 130 °C, respectively. Its selectivity to methanol was estimated to be in the same range as PVDF-ceramic powder hybrid [157]. In view of the relatively high permeability of the currently available PEMs to methanol, several sulfonated aromatic and aliphatic polymers were tested as possible alternative PEMs that will significantly reduce the crossover of methanol to the cathode compartment of DMFCs.
In PEMFC and PAFC, CO poisoning occurs due to adsorption of the species to the active sites of the platinum catalysts so that no, or virtually no, sites are available for reaction with H2. To reactivate the surface, the CO can be oxidized to CO2. To avoid CO contamination in the cell, a gas cleanup can be built in between the reformer and the fuel cell that adds complexity to the system. Other methods to remove CO from the fuel cell are the mixing of the fuel feed with small amounts of air or oxygen (“air bleeding,” about 1% content in the gas) [89].