By Hans Kricheldorf
This publication reviews on starting place and background of polycondensation chemistry starting within the first half the nineteenth century. additionally, heritage and inventors of crucial polycondensates, comparable to Nylons, puppy or polycarbonates, are defined. The classical idea of step-growth polymerizations is mentioned within the mild of the most recent experimental and theoretical effects. specific emphasis is laid at the position of cyclization reactions. precise different types of polycondensation approaches are mentioned in additional element: syntheses of hyperbranched and multicyclic polymers, non-stoichiometric polycondensations, interfacial polycondensations, sturdy nation polycondensations, condensative chain polymerizations etc.
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Pat. 391 346 Farbenfrabriken vorm. Fr. Bayer & Co, DR. Pat. 201 261 (April 16, 1907) Helm L (1908) Brit. Pat. 25 216 (Nov 13) Knoll & Co (1907) Brit. Pat. S. Pat. 942 699 Baekeland LH (1909) Ind Eng Chem 1:149 Baekeland LH (1909) Ind Eng Chem 1:202 Baekeland LH (1909) Ind Eng Chem 1:545 Baekeland LH (1911) Ind Eng Chem 3:932 Zincke T (1869) Ber Dtsch Chem Ges 2:737 Gladstone J (1885) Chem Soc 47:448 Friedel Crafts (1885) Bull Soc Chim 43:53 Schramm J (1893) Ber Dtsch Chem Ges 26:1706 Radziwanowski C (1894) Ber Dtsch Chem Ges 27:3237 Auger V (1899) Bull Soc Chim 21:562 Mailhe A (1905) Chem z 29:464 Lavaux J, Lombard M (1910) Bull Soc Chim 7:541 Lavaux J (1910) Ann Chim 20:488 Ger.
Previous studies were not successful, because Mns above 5,000 Da were not achieved [24–27]. End group analyses based on chemical modifications revealed that the reactive end groups (CH2OH and CO2H) were still there when the polycondensations were stopped. Hence, it was concluded that the diffusion and evaporation of the liberated water was the limiting factor for the progress of the polycondensation. This conclusion was confirmed when a new reactor, called ‘‘molecular still’’, was used which enabled a more efficient removal of water from the reaction mixture [27].
None-the-less, his depression worsened and prevented him most of the year from working at the Experimental Station. His psychiatrist, Dr. Appel, informed his friends about a high risk of suicide. On January 8, 1937, Carothers’s sister Isabel died of pneumonia, and he and his wife traveled to Chicago and De Moins to attend her funeral and burial. He returned to Philadelphia to consult again his psychiatrist. On April 28 he went to the Experimental Station to work as usual. The following day he checked in at a hotel in Philadelphia and committed suicide by drinking a solution of potassium cyanide in lemon juice.