Pesticide profiles: toxicity, environmental impact, and fate by Michael A. Kamrin

By Michael A. Kamrin

It is a profile containing particular information regarding 137 insecticides, a primer of environmental toxicology, and an in depth exchange identify index. Profiles of every pesticide include regulatory info, toxicity tests, environmental destiny info, actual houses, and applicable publicity restrict values. What those values and information suggest when it comes to human toxicity is obviously interpreted besides. The booklet additionally describes the which means of carcinogenicity and the way it really is assessed in non-technical phrases the non-expert can comprehend. Readers with a technical historical past are supplied with the knowledge to make their very own judgments. There also are sections on basic periods of insecticides, corresponding to organophosphates.

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Breakdown in water In neutral or acid aqueous solution, cypermethrin hydrolyzes slowly, with hydrolysis being more rapid at pH 9 (basic solution). Under normal environmental temperatures and pH, cypermethrin is stable to hydrolysis with a half-life of greater than 50 days and to photodegradation with a half-life of greater than 100 days (8). In pond waters and in laboratory degradation studies, pyrethroid concentrations decrease rapidly due to sorption to sediment, suspended particles and plants.

Sampling was from 1 to 112 days after application. The half-life of esfenvalerate on plant surfaces is 2 to 4 weeks (31). Physical properties The pure compound exists as colorless crystals; the technical product as an amber liquid (12). s. O. 5 Flucythrinate. Trade or other names Trade names include AASTAR, AC 222705, Cybolt, Fuching Jujr, OMS 2007, and Pay-Off. Regulatory status Flucythrinate is a highly toxic pesticide in EPA toxicity class I. Pesticides containing flucythrinate must bear the Signal Word DANGER on the product label because of its high oral toxicity and potential to cause eye irritation.

The compound may also be listed as S-fenvalerate. Regulatory status Most products containing esfenvalerate are General Use Pesticides (GUPs). The emulsified concentrate formulation is a Restricted Use Pesticide (RUP) because of © 2000 CRC Press LLC L1190 CH02 pgs Page 27 Friday, July 2, 1999 3:58 PM possible adverse effects in aquatic organisms. Esfenvalerate is a moderately toxic pesticide in EPA toxicity class II; products containing it must contain the Signal Word WARNING on the label. Introduction Esfenvalerate is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide used on a wide range of pests such as moths, flies, beetles, and other insects.

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