By Catherine Westbrook
Quick-reference for evidence on MRI physics. Covers subject matters from magnetism to security, okay house to pulse sequences, photograph distinction to artefacts. details on specific topics are awarded on a unmarried or double web page so crucial issues could be simply noticeable. includes halftone diagrams and photographs. encompasses a word list and middle details for MRI tests. Softcover.
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Additional info for MRI and CT of the Female Pelvis
Sample text
The best effect is achieved with 250 ml mannitol (5%) in 750 ml of water or juice. Administration of ”negative” oral and rectal contrast medium is required only for differentiation of the mucosa and intestinal lumen if adequate intravenous contrast enhancement can be achieved. 5 Intravenous Contrast Media An unenhanced scan is not required for most pelvic indications, the only exception being patients with suspected calcifications, for example when there are tumor implants from ovarian cancer. Nonionic, iodine-based contrast media are used for intravenous contrast.
Because most CT scanners are no longer water-cooled but dissipate their heat directly into the room air and because the scanner rooms must normally be fully air-conditioned for this reason, the patient should be covered with a protective sheet. None of the materials employed should contain silicate, glass or other absorbing substances, since the presence of these substances in the scan field can lead to artifacts or increased image noise as a result of beam hardening. Most manufacturers assume that the patient will be in the ”head-first” position, and the preset protocols are designed accordingly.
In these cases, the contrast-enhanced morphologic MR examination may be performed after MR angiography. The contrast medium may be injected manually or automatically. A strict injection protocol is not required when static contrast-enhanced images are acquired. However, a standardized injection protocol with use of an MR-compatible, automatic injector is recommended when dynamic studies are performed. In both cases, contrast medium injection should be followed by a saline flush of 20 ml to ensure that all of the rather small amount of contrast medium of about 10–20 ml reaches the central veins.