By Robert E. Hyatt MD, Paul D. Scanlon MD, Masao Nakamura MD
Features
- A new specialize in interpretation of complicated disorders
- Coverage of impulse oscillometry
- Solution website to include textual content in addition to attempt generator to deal with cases
- "Pearls" relating to functionality or interpretation of key tests
- Carefully chosen authoritative references
- Clear illustrations demonstrating dozens of PFT patterns
- Illustrative cases
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Additional info for Interpretation of Pulmonary Function Tests
Example text
However, there is a large variation: Some obese individuals have normal lung volumes, and others are more severely affected. 0 (50%) 4 2 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 FEV1 (%) FVC 31 91 B FIG. 3-8. The numbers in parentheses are the percentage of predicted normal. Note that the residual volume (RV) is increased. This should not be confused with the previously discussed obstructive disorders in which RV is also increased. Figure 3-8 shows two curves in which the FEV1 and FVC are reduced and the FEV1/FVC ratio is normal.
5. Iyer VN, Schroeder DR, Parker KO, Hyatt RE, Scanlon PD. The nonspecific pulmonary function test: Longitudinal follow-up and outcomes. Chest 139:878–886, 2011. 6. Gardner ZS, Ruppel GL, Kaminsky DA. Grading the severity of obstruction in mixed obstructive-restrictive lung disease. Chest 140:598–603, 2011. 7. Krowka MJ, Enright PL, Rodarte JR, Hyatt RE. Effect of effort on measurement of forced expiratory volume in one second. Am Rev Respir Dis 136:829–833, 1987. indd 34 30/01/14 10:36 AM 4 Diffusing Capacity of the Lungs An important step in the transfer of oxygen from ambient air to the arterial blood is the process of diffusion, that is, the transfer of oxygen from the alveolar gas to the hemoglobin within the red cell.
A) Normal response with –1% change in the forced expiratory vital capacity (FVC) and +2% change in the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1). (B) Positive response with a 59% increase in the FVC and a 105% increase in the FEV1. The FEV1/FVC ratio is relatively insensitive to this change and therefore should not be used to evaluate bronchodilator response. 7 a Expiratory flow (L/s) 6 b 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 1 2 3 4 Volume (L) FIG. 5-4. Two consecutive flow–volume curves during which the subject exerted maximal effort (curve a) and then slightly submaximal effort (curve b).