By Juhani Rudanko
This publication explores the grammar of to infinitives and gerundial -ing clauses, that's a imperative sector on the interface of syntax and semantics, opposed to the history of what has been referred to as the nice supplement Shift. Over the process six chapters, the writer explores the semantic homes of structures the place the final unfold of gerundial -ing clauses happens on the fee of to infinitives. the writer attracts on huge digital corpora, making sure that new views are opened at the foundation of actual corpus proof. He identifies traits of edition and alter within the use of the 2 structures and proposes the alternative precept, an leading edge point of view at the semantics of to infinitives and gerundial -ing enhances. This booklet could be of curiosity to researchers and scholars engaged on English grammar or the hot background of English grammar.
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Sample text
9) a. It is a law, no doubt, subject to be referred to erroneous applications, to justify what cannot be justified . . (1841, MAG) b. Are the rights held as civil rights bestowed by a law, and subject to be taken away by its repeal—or as property, lands, for instance, under a formal conveyance. (1841, MAG) As noted, in examples of the type of (9a–b) the lower predicates are of the [–Choice] variety. It is clear from the abundance of examples such as (9a–b) in the 1840s that the to infinitive was very well suited to [–Choice] contexts at that time.
This study is based on different corpora, partly to see if the results 26 INFINITIVES AND GERUNDS IN RECENT ENGLISH of the earlier study are confirmed in such other corpora. Further, the current study compares current usage in American English with current usage in British English, which was not within the scope of the earlier investigation. 2. The GloWbE Corpus is aggregative, and there is lack of information about individual speakers whose language is included in the corpus (see Brezina and Meyerhoff 2014 on using aggregate data and Mukherjee 2015 on using GloWbE specifically).
1951, FIC) b. . one of the girls dragged me to something the other night that I was ashamed to sit through. (1954, FIC) The sentences in (4a–b) are worth singling out because they illustrate extractions in English. As was noted in Chap. 2, extractions have a definite effect on the choice between infinitival and gerundial complement options. Extraction is relevant to the sentences in (4a–b), and in both cases the rule in question is Relativization. Because the relevance of extractions and the Extraction Principle have by now been established in work on complementation, sentences exhibiting extraction are set aside here.