By Prof. Dr. Jens Hagen(auth.)
Even though greater than ninety% of construction strategies in are catalyzed, such a lot chemists and engineers are constrained to trial and mistake while trying to find the right kind catalyst. This e-book is the 1st emphasizing business elements of catalysis and in addition fairly compatible to learning on one's personal. it really is devoted to either, homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis and during this moment, variation biocatalysis, electrocatalysis, photocatalysis and uneven catalysis also are incorporated; themes like zeolites, metals and olefin catalysis are actually mentioned in additional aspect. The publication aids virtually orientated readers in turning into accustomed to the tactics of catalyst improvement and checking out and as a result bargains with elements of try making plans, optimization and reactor modeling and simulation with the easy-to-learn laptop application POLYMATH. good over a hundred workouts aid to check and consolidate the won knowledge.Content:
Chapter 1 advent (pages 1–14):
Chapter 2 Homogeneous Catalysis with Transition steel Catalysts (pages 15–58):
Chapter three Homogeneously Catalyzed commercial tactics (pages 59–82):
Chapter four Biocatalysis (pages 83–98):
Chapter five Heterogeneous Catalysis: basics (pages 99–222):
Chapter 6 Catalyst Shapes and creation of Heterogeneous Catalysts (pages 223–238):
Chapter 7 Shape?Selective Catalysis: Zeolites (pages 239–259):
Chapter eight Heterogeneously Catalyzed techniques in (pages 261–293):
Chapter nine Electrocatalysis (pages 295–316):
Chapter 10 Environmental Catalysis and eco-friendly Chemistry (pages 317–329):
Chapter eleven Photocatalysis (pages 331–338):
Chapter 12 Phase?Transfer Catalysis (pages 339–345):
Chapter thirteen making plans, improvement, and checking out of Catalysts (pages 347–402):
Chapter 14 Catalysis Reactors (pages 403–424):
Chapter 15 fiscal value of Catalysts (pages 425–428):
Chapter sixteen destiny improvement of Catalysis (pages 429–438):
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Extra info for Industrial Catalysis: A Practical Approach, Second Edition
Example text
A second possibility for classifying homogeneous catalysis with transition metal complexes is the redox mechanism of such reactions [T16]. During the sequence of reactions, the transition metal formally changes its oxidation state by two units. The catalytic cycle begins, for example, with a coordinatively unsaturated soft metal complex, passes through an oxidation state two units higher as the result of an oxidative addition reaction with the reagent, and re-forms the starting complex by reductive elimination of the product.
Care must be taken, however, in predicting the coordination equilibria of labile metal olefin or similar complexes since steric and electronic factors also play a role. The coordination of certain ligands to a transition metal center can be facilitated by exploiting the trans effect. For example, the reaction [PtCl3(C2H4)] - + Cl- [PtCl4]2- + C2H4 (2-8) is slow, but can be accelerated by adding SnCl2. This leads to formation of a SnCl –3 group, whose strong trans effect labilizes the chloro ligand in the trans position (Eq.
The second rule can be depicted schematically for the key reactions of homogeneous catalysis as shown in Scheme 2-2. 2 Catalytic Cycles With a knowledge of the key reactions of homogeneous catalysis and the 16/18-electron rule, homogeneously catalyzed processes can be depicted as cyclic processes. This way of describing catalytic mechanisms was also introduced by Tolman. We will now discuss the industrially important hydroformylation of a terminal alkene in terms of a cyclic process (Scheme 2-3) [T11].