By M Naidu
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Example text
This mechanism is called field emission as shown schematically in Fig. 26. Thus, the initiation of breakdown depends on the conditions and the properties of the cathode surface. Experimental evidence shows that breakdown takes place by this process when the effective catliode electric field is of the order of 106 to 107 V/cm. Vapour cloud Electron stream Cathode Anode FIg. 226 Breakdown in vacuum caused by the heating of a mtaroprojection on the cathode (c) Clump Mechanism Basically this theory has been developed on the following assumptions (Fig.
However, in some gases Paschen's law is not strictly obeyed, and sparking potentials at larger spacings for a given value ofpd are higher than at lower spacings for the same pd value. This is attributed to the loss of electrons fro^i the gap due to diffusion. Breakdown Voltage, volts The sparking potentials for uniform field gaps in air, CO2 and H2 at 2O0C are shown in Fig. 14. It has been observed that the cathode materials also affect the breakdown values. This is shown in Fig. 15 for cathodes made of barium, magnesium and aluminium.
16. From this figure it can be seen that (a) at small spacings (region I), the field is uniform, and the breakdown voltage mainly depends on the spacing; (b) at fairly large spacings (region II), the field is non-uniform, and the breakdown voltage depends both on the sphere diameter and the spacing; and (c) at large spacings (region III), the field is non-uniform, and the breakdown is preceded by corona and is controlled only by the spacing. The corona inception voltage mainly depends on the sphere diameter.