High Collection Nonimaging Optics by W. T. Welford

By W. T. Welford

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5 20° 40° 30° Θ Fig. 12 Transmission-angle curves for 3D CPCs with 0 max from 2° to 60°. takes place in Δ0 less than 3° in all cases. 0° We may also be interested in the total flux transmitted inside the design collecting angle 0 max . 13) and if we divide by Jomax sin 20 c/0, we obtain the fraction transmitted of the flux incident inside a cone of semiangle 0 max . The result of such a calculation is shown in Fig. 13. This gives the proportion by which the CPC fails to have the theoretical maximum concentration ratio.

The loss is, of course, because some of the skew rays have been turned back by multiple reflections inside the CPC. It is of some considerable theoretical interest to see how these failures occur. By tracing rays at a fixed angle of incidence, regions could be plotted in the entry aperture showing what happened to rays in each region. Thus Fig. 5°. Rays incident in regions labeled 0, 1, 2 , . . are transmitted by the CPC after zero, one, t w o , . . reflections; F2, F 3 , . . indicate that rays incident in those regions begin to turn back after two, t h r e e , .

9 Different Versions of the Concentration Ratio 29 rays that reach it, but in any case the ratios (a/a') or (a/a')2 define a geometrical concentration ratio. Third, given an actual system we can trace rays through it and determine the proportion of incident rays within the collecting angle that emerge from the exit aperture. This process will yield an optical concentration ratio. Finally, we could make allowances for attenuation in the concen­ trator by reflection losses, scattering, manufacturing errors, and absorption in calculating the optical concentration ratio.

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