Graphite, graphene, and their polymer nanocomposites by Prithu Mukhopadhyay, Rakesh K. Gupta

By Prithu Mukhopadhyay, Rakesh K. Gupta

"Perhaps the 1st of its style, this e-book covers physics, chemistry, and functions of graphene proper to this significant and sizzling examine subject. protecting the full spectrum of graphene-based fabrics issues, from synthesis to characterization to functions, this cutting-edge e-book presents the purpose of departure for destiny polymer-based nanocomposites examine. The bankruptcy authors, drawn from specialists from

"Here we cross back. After intercalated compounds of graphite (1974), fullerenes (1985), and carbon nanotubes (1991), it's time for one more allotrope of elemental carbon to be on the leading edge of clinical interest. The allotrope is: "graphene". through graphene, we suggest the basal aircraft of graphite, a one atom thick dimensional honeycomb layer of sp2 bonded carbon. Conversely, while many graphene layers are stacked frequently in 3 dimensions, graphite is created"--Provided by means of publisher. Read more...

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Extra info for Graphite, graphene, and their polymer nanocomposites

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I. C. Lewis, J. M. Criscione, R. L. Reddy, C. F. Fulgenzi, D. J. Page, F. F. Fisher, A. J. Dzermejko, and J. B. Hedge. pub2. ” Together, they are termed “primary QI” and make up about 80%–90% of all the QI found in coal-tar pitch. Coal-tar pitch typically contains about 2–12 wt% total QI depending on the properties of the coal and the coking conditions. The QI plays several important roles in the pitch during the baking process and is very beneficial to the performance of the final electrodes.

The baked body can be described as a carbon article comprising calcined petroleum coke particles held together in a solid, coked pitch matrix. 2), where it is subjected to temperatures as high as 3000°C. 5. During this final heat treatment, the carbon atoms in the coke particles and the binder coke undergo transformation to become the highly crystalline graphite structure. Heating rates are on the order of 40°C–60°C/h in furnaces rated at 6,000 kW with a direct current (DC) of 60,000 A. The graphitization heat-treatment step takes about 3 days to complete with another 8–10 days required for cooling and unloading the charge.

Two additional lattice parameters commonly referenced are the “effective crystallite sizes,” Lc and La. It is noted that Lc is a measure of the height of the stacked graphene layers and La is a 22 Graphite, Graphene, and Their Polymer Nanocomposites measure of the width of the stack in a graphite sample. The dimensions of Lc and La are usually given in angstroms. 354 Å), the structure of synthetic graphite approaches the structure of ideal graphite and, consequently, the anisotropy exhibited in physical properties increases.

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