By Xiangwu Zhang
"This quantity offers the elemental chemical and mathematical idea had to comprehend and regulate the connections one of the constitution, formation and homes of many differing kinds of artifical and normal fibers."--Publishers website
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12. (A) Rigid rod-like polymer chain, and (B) flexible random coil polymer chain. 13. Primary and secondary bonds. , outer shell. The number of valence electrons of an atom is the same as the group number in the periodic table. 3 shows the group numbers and valence electrons of the atoms that often are seen in synthetic fibers, including hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, fluorine, and chlorine. , full valence shell. This means that these atoms tend to have eight electrons at the outer shell (except H, which tends to have two electrons) by sharing electrons.
1 Head-to-Head and Head-to-Tail One simple but important configuration type is the head-to-head or head-totail placement of repeating units along the polymer chain. 3. Effects of molecular weight on the property of synthetic fibers and the viscosity of polymer melt or solution. Configurations 17 head-to-head and head-to-tail configurations of polypropylene, in which the α carbon connected to the methyl group is considered as the head and β carbon as the tail. The head-to-tail configuration is the thermodynamically and spatially preferred structure for most polymers that contain side groups.
However, there are many different types of secondary bonds, including ionic secondary bond, hydrogen bond, dipole-dipole force, aromatic ring association, and van der Waals force. 1 Preliminary Bonding Primary bonds are the attractive forces that hold atoms together to form polymer chains. The breaking of primary bonds leads to the degradation or even decomposition of the polymer. In synthetic fibers, the primary bonds typically are covalent bonds, which are formed by the sharing of pairs of electrons between atoms.